{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "id": "initial_id",
   "metadata": {
    "collapsed": true,
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:27.116778011Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:25.689631294Z"
    }
   },
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "import torch\n",
    "import d2l\n",
    "import numpy\n",
    "import torch.nn as nn\n",
    "import torch.nn.functional as F"
   ],
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 1
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:27.211229222Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:27.119198350Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "net = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(20, 256), nn.ReLU(), nn.Linear(256, 10))\n",
    "X = torch.rand(2, 20)\n",
    "net(X)"
   ],
   "id": "dcd5590e7795eec1",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[-0.0620,  0.3494, -0.2706,  0.0934,  0.1624,  0.0507,  0.0276,  0.1200,\n",
       "          0.1418,  0.1422],\n",
       "        [-0.2129,  0.3243, -0.3727, -0.0147,  0.1620, -0.0534,  0.0918,  0.0569,\n",
       "          0.0515, -0.0515]], grad_fn=<AddmmBackward0>)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 2,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 2
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:28.023879514Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:27.503008526Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "class MLP(nn.Module):\n",
    "    def __init__(self):\n",
    "        super().__init__()\n",
    "        self.hidden=nn.Linear(20,256)\n",
    "        self.out=nn.Linear(256,10)\n",
    "    def forward(self,X):\n",
    "        return self.out(F.relu(self.hidden(X)))\n"
   ],
   "id": "4ae330604b643cb4",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 3
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:28.598152494Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:28.312949801Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "net=MLP()\n",
    "net(X)"
   ],
   "id": "cca55c6c0c7da12f",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[-0.0426, -0.0041,  0.0686,  0.0151, -0.0754,  0.0269,  0.2757,  0.0227,\n",
       "          0.2260,  0.0424],\n",
       "        [ 0.0319,  0.0394,  0.0179,  0.0704, -0.1369, -0.0294,  0.2276,  0.0702,\n",
       "          0.1313,  0.2124]], grad_fn=<AddmmBackward0>)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 4,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 4
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:28.833430055Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:28.633643058Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "class FixedHiddenMLP(nn.Module):\n",
    "    def __init__(self):\n",
    "        super().__init__()\n",
    "        # 不计算梯度的随机权重参数。因此其在训练期间保持不变\n",
    "        self.rand_weight = torch.rand((20, 20), requires_grad=False)\n",
    "        self.linear = nn.Linear(20, 20)\n",
    "    def forward(self, X):\n",
    "        X = self.linear(X)\n",
    "        # 使用创建的常量参数以及relu和mm函数\n",
    "        X = F.relu(torch.mm(X, self.rand_weight) + 1)\n",
    "        # 复用全连接层。这相当于两个全连接层共享参数\n",
    "        X = self.linear(X)\n",
    "        # 控制流\n",
    "        while X.abs().sum() > 1:\n",
    "            X /= 2\n",
    "        return X.sum()"
   ],
   "id": "4518d62611d5e749",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 5
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:28.918094363Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:28.865853300Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "net = FixedHiddenMLP()\n",
    "net(X)"
   ],
   "id": "fae0187ece4ed5c6",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor(-0.0847, grad_fn=<SumBackward0>)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 6,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 6
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.031399095Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:28.937762813Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "class NestMLP(nn.Module):\n",
    "    def __init__(self):\n",
    "        super().__init__()\n",
    "        self.net = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(20, 64), nn.ReLU(),\n",
    "                                    nn.Linear(64, 32), nn.ReLU())\n",
    "        self.linear = nn.Linear(32, 16)\n",
    "    def forward(self, X):\n",
    "        return self.linear(self.net(X))\n",
    "        chimera = nn.Sequential(NestMLP(), nn.Linear(16, 20), FixedHiddenMLP())\n",
    "        chimera(X)"
   ],
   "id": "407ef13a86453aae",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 7
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.115640738Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.033684765Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "net = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(4, 8), nn.ReLU(), nn.Linear(8, 1))\n",
    "X = torch.rand(size=(2, 4))\n",
    "net(X)"
   ],
   "id": "9f3526f263c7a249",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[-0.5641],\n",
       "        [-0.5857]], grad_fn=<AddmmBackward0>)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 8,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 8
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.228591089Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.144124890Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "print(net[2].state_dict())",
   "id": "8c73f8daa02ba28b",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "OrderedDict([('weight', tensor([[-0.3334,  0.0416, -0.3501, -0.1285,  0.0512,  0.2549, -0.2154, -0.2633]])), ('bias', tensor([-0.0772]))])\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 9
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.323152541Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.255547310Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "net[2].state_dict()",
   "id": "b6fee6b64fb96e3c",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "OrderedDict([('weight',\n",
       "              tensor([[-0.3334,  0.0416, -0.3501, -0.1285,  0.0512,  0.2549, -0.2154, -0.2633]])),\n",
       "             ('bias', tensor([-0.0772]))])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 10,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 10
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.379782432Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.328071536Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "print(type(net[2].bias))",
   "id": "b38e8dc384e038c5",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<class 'torch.nn.parameter.Parameter'>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 11
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.451394790Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.397103231Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "print(net[2].bias)\n",
    "print(net[2].bias.data)\n"
   ],
   "id": "73f12ca3669d9ede",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Parameter containing:\n",
      "tensor([-0.0772], requires_grad=True)\n",
      "tensor([-0.0772])\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 12
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.518076804Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.463897541Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "net[2].weight.grad==None",
   "id": "db0fe33018c16fac",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 13
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.588672960Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.534910431Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "print(*[(name, param.shape) for name, param in net[0].named_parameters()])\n",
    "print(*[(name, param.shape) for name, param in net.named_parameters()])"
   ],
   "id": "75847a1c608ee5c7",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('weight', torch.Size([8, 4])) ('bias', torch.Size([8]))\n",
      "('0.weight', torch.Size([8, 4])) ('0.bias', torch.Size([8])) ('2.weight', torch.Size([1, 8])) ('2.bias', torch.Size([1]))\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 14
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.642447216Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.589891260Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "net.state_dict()['2.bias'].data",
   "id": "cc74913e8742da7d",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([-0.0772])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 15
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.708774862Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.659219518Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def block1():\n",
    "    return nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(4, 8), nn.ReLU(), nn.Linear(8, 4),nn.ReLU())\n",
    "def block2():\n",
    "    net = nn.Sequential()\n",
    "    for i in range(4):\n",
    "        net.add_module(f'block{i}', block1())\n",
    "    return net"
   ],
   "id": "53c39c5e61fa7bf5",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 16
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.765983699Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.710778796Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "rgnet = nn.Sequential(block2(),nn.Linear(4,1))\n",
    "rgnet(X)"
   ],
   "id": "d3ac7759b619aca",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[0.2190],\n",
       "        [0.2190]], grad_fn=<AddmmBackward0>)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 17
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.160316585Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:29.826193253Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "print(rgnet)",
   "id": "8fc60f64b07781e6",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Sequential(\n",
      "  (0): Sequential(\n",
      "    (block0): Sequential(\n",
      "      (0): Linear(in_features=4, out_features=8, bias=True)\n",
      "      (1): ReLU()\n",
      "      (2): Linear(in_features=8, out_features=4, bias=True)\n",
      "      (3): ReLU()\n",
      "    )\n",
      "    (block1): Sequential(\n",
      "      (0): Linear(in_features=4, out_features=8, bias=True)\n",
      "      (1): ReLU()\n",
      "      (2): Linear(in_features=8, out_features=4, bias=True)\n",
      "      (3): ReLU()\n",
      "    )\n",
      "    (block2): Sequential(\n",
      "      (0): Linear(in_features=4, out_features=8, bias=True)\n",
      "      (1): ReLU()\n",
      "      (2): Linear(in_features=8, out_features=4, bias=True)\n",
      "      (3): ReLU()\n",
      "    )\n",
      "    (block3): Sequential(\n",
      "      (0): Linear(in_features=4, out_features=8, bias=True)\n",
      "      (1): ReLU()\n",
      "      (2): Linear(in_features=8, out_features=4, bias=True)\n",
      "      (3): ReLU()\n",
      "    )\n",
      "  )\n",
      "  (1): Linear(in_features=4, out_features=1, bias=True)\n",
      ")\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 18
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.301122409Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.198111011Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "rgnet[0][1][0].bias.data",
   "id": "e590aaafca787b50",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([-0.3955,  0.0030, -0.0100,  0.3198, -0.4639, -0.4023, -0.3653,  0.0766])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 19
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.342375999Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.305643495Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def init_normal(m):\n",
    "    if type(m) == nn.Linear:\n",
    "        nn.init.normal_(m.weight, mean=0, std=0.01)\n",
    "        nn.init.zeros_(m.bias)\n",
    "net.apply(init_normal)\n",
    "net[0].weight.data[0], net[0].bias.data[0]"
   ],
   "id": "925ca33221d0a87e",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(tensor([-0.0059, -0.0004, -0.0091,  0.0014]), tensor(0.))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 20
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.413353915Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.350001341Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def init_xavier(m):\n",
    "    if type(m) == nn.Linear:\n",
    "        nn.init.xavier_uniform_(m.weight)\n",
    "def init_42(m):\n",
    "    if type(m) == nn.Linear:\n",
    "        nn.init.constant_(m.weight, 42)\n",
    "\n",
    "net[0].apply(init_xavier)\n",
    "net[2].apply(init_42)\n",
    "print(net[0].weight.data[0])\n",
    "print(net[2].weight.data)"
   ],
   "id": "81e2de84a8c4ef32",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "tensor([ 0.1297, -0.3070, -0.2955,  0.3630])\n",
      "tensor([[42., 42., 42., 42., 42., 42., 42., 42.]])\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 21
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.481562932Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.431139492Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "x = torch.arange(4)\n",
    "torch.save(x, 'x-file')"
   ],
   "id": "f05bb378bb60ab9e",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 22
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.535399376Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.483767993Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "x2 = torch.load('x-file')\n",
    "x2"
   ],
   "id": "a74ecaaac0d826c6",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([0, 1, 2, 3])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 23,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 23
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.599578181Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.548047255Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "class MLP(nn.Module):\n",
    "    def __init__(self):\n",
    "        super().__init__()\n",
    "        self.hidden = nn.Linear(20, 256)\n",
    "        self.output = nn.Linear(256, 10)\n",
    "    def forward(self, x):\n",
    "        return self.output(F.relu(self.hidden(x)))\n",
    "\n",
    "net = MLP()\n",
    "X = torch.randn(size=(2, 20))\n",
    "Y = net(X)"
   ],
   "id": "b42598f0c4a8e801",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 24
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.650496800Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.601298115Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "torch.save(net.state_dict(), 'mlp.params')",
   "id": "aaa22eef549caa6f",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 25
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.706861993Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.652573915Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "clone = MLP()\n",
    "clone.load_state_dict(torch.load('mlp.params'))\n",
    "clone.eval()"
   ],
   "id": "b92f920229abeeae",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "MLP(\n",
       "  (hidden): Linear(in_features=20, out_features=256, bias=True)\n",
       "  (output): Linear(in_features=256, out_features=10, bias=True)\n",
       ")"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 26,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 26
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.786547453Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.723425498Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "Y_clone = clone(X)\n",
    "Y_clone == Y"
   ],
   "id": "646c9eb6d7cc81c2",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True],\n",
       "        [True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True, True]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 27
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.901224528Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.851425725Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def corr2d(X,K):\n",
    "    h,w=K.shape\n",
    "    Y=torch.ones((X.shape[0]-h+1,X.shape[1]-w+1))\n",
    "    for i in range(Y.shape[0]):\n",
    "        for j in range(Y.shape[1]):\n",
    "            Y[i,j]=(X[i:i+h,j:j+w]*K).sum()\n",
    "    return Y\n"
   ],
   "id": "d45f9adfe47fce20",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 28
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:31.060500958Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:30.961112847Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "X = torch.tensor([[0.0, 1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0, 5.0], [6.0, 7.0, 8.0]])\n",
    "K = torch.tensor([[0.0, 1.0], [2.0, 3.0]])\n",
    "corr2d(X,K)"
   ],
   "id": "db7279e13647c315",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[19., 25.],\n",
       "        [37., 43.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 29
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:31.226121987Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:31.161589982Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "class Conv2D(nn.Module):\n",
    "    def __init__(self, kernel_size):\n",
    "        super().__init__()\n",
    "        self.weight = nn.Parameter(torch.rand(kernel_size))\n",
    "        self.bias = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1))\n",
    "    def forward(self, x):\n",
    "        return corr2d(x, self.weight) + self.bias\n"
   ],
   "id": "d60be1bd12a1f37e",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 30
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:31.353964548Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:31.284845417Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "X = torch.ones((6, 8))\n",
    "X[:, 2:6] = 0\n",
    "X"
   ],
   "id": "5083789b7a728442",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1.],\n",
       "        [1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1.],\n",
       "        [1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1.],\n",
       "        [1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1.],\n",
       "        [1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1.],\n",
       "        [1., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 1.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 31,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 31
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:31.497133186Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:31.413547301Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "K = torch.tensor([[1.0, -1.0]])\n",
    "Y = corr2d(X, K)\n",
    "Y"
   ],
   "id": "ee8d6bedbde886ad",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[ 0.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  0., -1.,  0.],\n",
       "        [ 0.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  0., -1.,  0.],\n",
       "        [ 0.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  0., -1.,  0.],\n",
       "        [ 0.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  0., -1.,  0.],\n",
       "        [ 0.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  0., -1.,  0.],\n",
       "        [ 0.,  1.,  0.,  0.,  0., -1.,  0.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 32
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:31.722341828Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:31.614326731Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "corr2d(X.t(), K)",
   "id": "a8278c3837fa9a1c",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
       "        [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
       "        [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
       "        [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
       "        [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
       "        [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
       "        [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.],\n",
       "        [0., 0., 0., 0., 0.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 33
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:31.872242267Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:31.806910138Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "conv2d = nn.Conv2d(1,1, kernel_size=(1, 2), bias=False)",
   "id": "ec61cdb61a8cabff",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 34
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:31.992426160Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:31.931105219Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "X = X.reshape((1, 1, 6, 8))\n",
    "Y = Y.reshape((1, 1, 6, 7))\n",
    "lr = 3e-2"
   ],
   "id": "d2fc19d84c79a10",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 35
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:32.264274507Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:31.995396351Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "for i in range(100):\n",
    "    Y_hat = conv2d(X)\n",
    "    l = (Y_hat - Y) ** 2\n",
    "    conv2d.zero_grad()\n",
    "    l.sum().backward()\n",
    "    # 迭代卷积核\n",
    "    conv2d.weight.data[:] -= lr * conv2d.weight.grad\n",
    "    if (i + 1) % 20 == 0:\n",
    "        print(f'epoch {i+1}, loss {l.sum():.3f}')"
   ],
   "id": "51fbb2e6398a9bd5",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "epoch 20, loss 0.000\n",
      "epoch 40, loss 0.000\n",
      "epoch 60, loss 0.000\n",
      "epoch 80, loss 0.000\n",
      "epoch 100, loss 0.000\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 36
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:32.346542597Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:32.281931301Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "conv2d.weight.data.reshape((1, 2))\n",
   "id": "bf53a423f429dfe4",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[ 1.0000, -1.0000]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 37
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:32.474945924Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:32.410988598Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "\n",
    "# 为了方便起见，我们定义了一个计算卷积层的函数。\n",
    "# 此函数初始化卷积层权重，并对输入和输出提高和缩减相应的维数\n",
    "def comp_conv2d(conv2d, X):\n",
    "# 这里的（1，1）表示批量大小和通道数都是1\n",
    "    X = X.reshape((1, 1) + X.shape)\n",
    "    Y = conv2d(X)\n",
    "    # 省略前两个维度：批量大小和通道\n",
    "    return Y.reshape(Y.shape[2:])\n",
    "# 请注意，这里每边都填充了1行或1列，因此总共添加了2行或2列\n",
    "conv2d = nn.Conv2d(1, 1, kernel_size=3, padding=1)"
   ],
   "id": "77b61d8c9a2363cc",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 38
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:32.610536979Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:32.537011140Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "X = torch.rand(size=(8, 8))\n",
    "comp_conv2d(conv2d, X).shape"
   ],
   "id": "beda6ffa67ec2677",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "torch.Size([8, 8])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 39
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:32.680637151Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:32.618558400Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "conv2d = nn.Conv2d(1, 1, kernel_size=(5, 3), padding=(2, 1))\n",
    "comp_conv2d(conv2d, X).shape"
   ],
   "id": "8c51095daea1432d",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "torch.Size([8, 8])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 40,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 40
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:32.771287457Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:32.697379946Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "conv2d = nn.Conv2d(1, 1, kernel_size=3, padding=1, stride=2)\n",
    "comp_conv2d(conv2d, X).shape"
   ],
   "id": "581bf1b15162cbf6",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "torch.Size([4, 4])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 41,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 41
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:32.831539044Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:32.773186750Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "conv2d = nn.Conv2d(1, 1, kernel_size=(3, 5), padding=(0, 1), stride=(3, 4))\n",
    "comp_conv2d(conv2d, X).shape"
   ],
   "id": "6f7a2411247baff0",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "torch.Size([2, 2])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 42
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:32.896336773Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:32.842010971Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def corr2d_multi_in(X,K):\n",
    "    return sum(corr2d(x,k) for x,k in zip(X,K))\n",
    "X = torch.tensor([[[0.0, 1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0, 5.0], [6.0, 7.0, 8.0]],\n",
    "[[1.0, 2.0, 3.0], [4.0, 5.0, 6.0], [7.0, 8.0, 9.0]]])\n",
    "K = torch.tensor([[[0.0, 1.0], [2.0, 3.0]], [[1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0]]])\n",
    "corr2d_multi_in(X, K)"
   ],
   "id": "7ac0f17f97b2daa8",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[ 56.,  72.],\n",
       "        [104., 120.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 43
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.000406757Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:32.949274100Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def corr2d_multi_in_out(X,K) ->torch.Tensor :\n",
    "    return torch.stack([corr2d_multi_in(X,k) for k in K],0)\n"
   ],
   "id": "d409110d0d6b4b49",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 44
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.125525859Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.060398301Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "K = torch.stack((K, K + 1, K + 2), 0)\n",
    "K.shape"
   ],
   "id": "4114cd871a627075",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "torch.Size([3, 2, 2, 2])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 45
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.198169422Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.131159996Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "corr2d_multi_in_out(X, K)",
   "id": "ce52f41dc9585f8c",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[[ 56.,  72.],\n",
       "         [104., 120.]],\n",
       "\n",
       "        [[ 76., 100.],\n",
       "         [148., 172.]],\n",
       "\n",
       "        [[ 96., 128.],\n",
       "         [192., 224.]]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 46
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.249073Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.199594667Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def corr2d_multi_in_out_1x1(X, K):\n",
    "    h_i,h,w=X.shape\n",
    "    h_o=K.shape[0]\n",
    "    X=X.reshape((h_i,h*w))\n",
    "    print(X.shape)\n",
    "    K=K.reshape((h_o,h_i))\n",
    "    print(K.shape)\n",
    "    Y=torch.matmul(K,X)\n",
    "    return Y.reshape((h_o,h,w))"
   ],
   "id": "362d8c692b3c1d75",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 47
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.298538943Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.250967377Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "X = torch.normal(0, 1, (3, 3, 3))\n",
    "K = torch.normal(0, 1, (2, 3, 1, 1))"
   ],
   "id": "28e761f677df8b16",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 48
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.354138870Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.300557739Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "Y1 = corr2d_multi_in_out_1x1(X, K)",
   "id": "8eb276fed751a6b9",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "torch.Size([3, 9])\n",
      "torch.Size([2, 3])\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 49
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.417520891Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.369461725Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "Y2 = corr2d_multi_in_out(X, K)\n",
    "assert float(torch.abs(Y1 - Y2).sum()) < 1e-6"
   ],
   "id": "be28e27d30f36e2c",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 50
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.468327774Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.419539671Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def pool2d(X,pool_size,mode='max'):\n",
    "    p_h,p_w =pool_size\n",
    "    Y = torch.zeros((X.shape[0]-p_h+1,X.shape[1]-p_w+1))\n",
    "    for i in range(Y.shape[0]):\n",
    "        for j in range(Y.shape[1]):\n",
    "            match mode:\n",
    "                case 'max':\n",
    "                    Y[i,j]=X[i:i+p_h,j:j+p_w].max()\n",
    "                case 'avg':\n",
    "                    Y[i,j]=X[i:i+p_h,j:j+p_w].mean()\n",
    "\n",
    "    return Y"
   ],
   "id": "3c3f71349a2e54c0",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 51
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.526566195Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.470337819Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "X = torch.tensor([[0.0, 1.0, 2.0], [3.0, 4.0, 5.0], [6.0, 7.0, 8.0]])\n",
    "pool2d(X, (2, 2))"
   ],
   "id": "a67207c861cf0cfd",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[4., 5.],\n",
       "        [7., 8.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 52,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 52
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.680166201Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.578598740Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "pool2d(X, (2, 2), 'avg')",
   "id": "e387b48df3831b85",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[2., 3.],\n",
       "        [5., 6.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 53,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 53
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.855460170Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.765585069Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "X = torch.arange(16, dtype=torch.float32).reshape((1, 1, 4, 4))\n",
    "X"
   ],
   "id": "41b618b3a48522b4",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[[[ 0.,  1.,  2.,  3.],\n",
       "          [ 4.,  5.,  6.,  7.],\n",
       "          [ 8.,  9., 10., 11.],\n",
       "          [12., 13., 14., 15.]]]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 54,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 54
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:34.023104664Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:33.949683264Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "pool2d=nn.MaxPool2d(3)\n",
    "pool2d(X)"
   ],
   "id": "c77484a8d1267259",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[[[10.]]]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 55,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 55
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:34.093370019Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:34.026511981Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "pool2d = nn.MaxPool2d(3, padding=1, stride=2)\n",
    "pool2d(X)"
   ],
   "id": "847a2bacfb6f2bd7",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[[[ 5.,  7.],\n",
       "          [13., 15.]]]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 56,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 56
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:34.146680689Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:34.094779518Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "pool2d = nn.MaxPool2d((2, 3), stride=(2, 3), padding=(0, 1))\n",
    "pool2d(X)"
   ],
   "id": "5efad1e0b616fff7",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[[[ 5.,  7.],\n",
       "          [13., 15.]]]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 57,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 57
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:34.239200323Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:34.159117900Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "X = torch.cat((X, X + 1), 1)\n",
    "X"
   ],
   "id": "386d4b3eb8069328",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[[[ 0.,  1.,  2.,  3.],\n",
       "          [ 4.,  5.,  6.,  7.],\n",
       "          [ 8.,  9., 10., 11.],\n",
       "          [12., 13., 14., 15.]],\n",
       "\n",
       "         [[ 1.,  2.,  3.,  4.],\n",
       "          [ 5.,  6.,  7.,  8.],\n",
       "          [ 9., 10., 11., 12.],\n",
       "          [13., 14., 15., 16.]]]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 58,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 58
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:34.331040051Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:34.248225619Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "pool2d = nn.MaxPool2d(3, padding=1, stride=2)\n",
    "pool2d(X)"
   ],
   "id": "ba5f57a8ca2a3b06",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[[[ 5.,  7.],\n",
       "          [13., 15.]],\n",
       "\n",
       "         [[ 6.,  8.],\n",
       "          [14., 16.]]]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 59,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 59
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:34.425299189Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:34.352449123Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "net = nn.Sequential(\n",
    "    nn.Conv2d(1,6,kernel_size=5,padding=2), #1*1*28*28 -> 1*6*28*28\n",
    "    nn.Sigmoid(),\n",
    "    nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2),  #1*6*28*28 -> 1*6*14*14\n",
    "    nn.Conv2d(6, 16, kernel_size=5), nn.Sigmoid(), #1*6*14*14 -> 1*16*10*10\n",
    "    nn.AvgPool2d(kernel_size=2, stride=2), #1*16*10*10 -> 1*16*5*5\n",
    "    nn.Flatten(),\n",
    "    nn.Linear(16 * 5 * 5, 120), nn.Sigmoid(),\n",
    "    nn.Linear(120, 84), nn.Sigmoid(),\n",
    "    nn.Linear(84, 10)\n",
    ")\n",
    "X = torch.rand(size=(1,1,28,28),dtype=torch.float32)\n",
    "for layer in net:\n",
    "    X=layer(X)\n",
    "    print(layer.__class__.__name__,'output shape: \\t',X.shape)"
   ],
   "id": "1eabc29f9c838842",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Conv2d output shape: \t torch.Size([1, 6, 28, 28])\n",
      "Sigmoid output shape: \t torch.Size([1, 6, 28, 28])\n",
      "AvgPool2d output shape: \t torch.Size([1, 6, 14, 14])\n",
      "Conv2d output shape: \t torch.Size([1, 16, 10, 10])\n",
      "Sigmoid output shape: \t torch.Size([1, 16, 10, 10])\n",
      "AvgPool2d output shape: \t torch.Size([1, 16, 5, 5])\n",
      "Flatten output shape: \t torch.Size([1, 400])\n",
      "Linear output shape: \t torch.Size([1, 120])\n",
      "Sigmoid output shape: \t torch.Size([1, 120])\n",
      "Linear output shape: \t torch.Size([1, 84])\n",
      "Sigmoid output shape: \t torch.Size([1, 84])\n",
      "Linear output shape: \t torch.Size([1, 10])\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 60
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:35.484128366Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:34.438360644Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "import d2l.torch as d2l\n",
    "batch_size = 256\n",
    "train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size=batch_size)"
   ],
   "id": "e372f75817ad4a0f",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 61
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:35.582060752Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:35.533014324Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "lr, num_epochs = 0.9, 10\n",
    "#d2l.train_ch6(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, lr, d2l.try_gpu())"
   ],
   "id": "9aaeb948f3353955",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 62
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:35.632954849Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:35.583695074Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "class Inception(nn.Module):\n",
    "    def __init__(self,in_channels,c1,c2,c3,c4,**kwargs):\n",
    "        super(Inception,self).__init__(**kwargs)\n",
    "        self.p1_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels,c1,kernel_size=1)\n",
    "        self.p2_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels,c2[0],kernel_size=1)\n",
    "        self.p2_2 = nn.Conv2d(c2[0],c2[1],kernel_size=3,padding=1)\n",
    "        self.p3_1 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels,c3[0],kernel_size=1)\n",
    "        self.p3_2 = nn.Conv2d(c3[0],c3[1],kernel_size=5,padding=2)\n",
    "        self.p4_1 = nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=1, padding=1)\n",
    "        self.p4_2 = nn.Conv2d(in_channels, c4, kernel_size=1)\n",
    "    def forward(self,x):\n",
    "        p1 = F.relu(self.p1_1(x))\n",
    "        p2 = F.relu(self.p2_2(F.relu(self.p2_1(x))))\n",
    "        p3 = F.relu(self.p3_2(F.relu(self.p3_1(x))))\n",
    "        p4 = F.relu(self.p4_2(self.p4_1(x)))\n",
    "        return torch.cat((p1,p2,p3,p4),dim=1)"
   ],
   "id": "6d3bb3f70f297dba",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 63
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:35.690181474Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:35.634277862Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "b1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(1, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3),\n",
    "                    nn.ReLU(),\n",
    "                    nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1))\n",
    "b2 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(64, 64, kernel_size=1),\n",
    "                    nn.ReLU(),\n",
    "                    nn.Conv2d(64, 192, kernel_size=3, padding=1),\n",
    "                    nn.ReLU(),\n",
    "                    nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1))\n",
    "b3 = nn.Sequential(Inception(192, 64, (96, 128), (16, 32), 32),\n",
    "                    Inception(256, 128, (128, 192), (32, 96), 64),\n",
    "                    nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1))\n",
    "b4 = nn.Sequential(Inception(480, 192, (96, 208), (16, 48), 64),\n",
    "                    Inception(512, 160, (112, 224), (24, 64), 64),\n",
    "                    Inception(512, 128, (128, 256), (24, 64), 64),\n",
    "                    Inception(512, 112, (144, 288), (32, 64), 64),\n",
    "                    Inception(528, 256, (160, 320), (32, 128), 128),\n",
    "                    nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1))\n",
    "b5 = nn.Sequential(Inception(832, 256, (160, 320), (32, 128), 128),\n",
    "                    Inception(832, 384, (192, 384), (48, 128), 128),\n",
    "                    nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1,1)),\n",
    "                    nn.Flatten())\n",
    "net = nn.Sequential(b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, nn.Linear(1024, 10))\n",
    "X = torch.rand(size=(1, 1, 96, 96))\n",
    "for layer in net:\n",
    "    X = layer(X)\n",
    "    print(layer.__class__.__name__,'output shape:\\t', X.shape)"
   ],
   "id": "6ef7022bcb288d65",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Sequential output shape:\t torch.Size([1, 64, 24, 24])\n",
      "Sequential output shape:\t torch.Size([1, 192, 12, 12])\n",
      "Sequential output shape:\t torch.Size([1, 480, 6, 6])\n",
      "Sequential output shape:\t torch.Size([1, 832, 3, 3])\n",
      "Sequential output shape:\t torch.Size([1, 1024])\n",
      "Linear output shape:\t torch.Size([1, 10])\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 64
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:36.618596478Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:35.704418296Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "import torchinfo\n",
    "torchinfo.summary(net,(1,1,96,96))"
   ],
   "id": "acc019ce7afa4470",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "==========================================================================================\n",
       "Layer (type:depth-idx)                   Output Shape              Param #\n",
       "==========================================================================================\n",
       "Sequential                               [1, 10]                   --\n",
       "├─Sequential: 1-1                        [1, 64, 24, 24]           --\n",
       "│    └─Conv2d: 2-1                       [1, 64, 48, 48]           3,200\n",
       "│    └─ReLU: 2-2                         [1, 64, 48, 48]           --\n",
       "│    └─MaxPool2d: 2-3                    [1, 64, 24, 24]           --\n",
       "├─Sequential: 1-2                        [1, 192, 12, 12]          --\n",
       "│    └─Conv2d: 2-4                       [1, 64, 24, 24]           4,160\n",
       "│    └─ReLU: 2-5                         [1, 64, 24, 24]           --\n",
       "│    └─Conv2d: 2-6                       [1, 192, 24, 24]          110,784\n",
       "│    └─ReLU: 2-7                         [1, 192, 24, 24]          --\n",
       "│    └─MaxPool2d: 2-8                    [1, 192, 12, 12]          --\n",
       "├─Sequential: 1-3                        [1, 480, 6, 6]            --\n",
       "│    └─Inception: 2-9                    [1, 256, 12, 12]          --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-1                  [1, 64, 12, 12]           12,352\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-2                  [1, 96, 12, 12]           18,528\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-3                  [1, 128, 12, 12]          110,720\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-4                  [1, 16, 12, 12]           3,088\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-5                  [1, 32, 12, 12]           12,832\n",
       "│    │    └─MaxPool2d: 3-6               [1, 192, 12, 12]          --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-7                  [1, 32, 12, 12]           6,176\n",
       "│    └─Inception: 2-10                   [1, 480, 12, 12]          --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-8                  [1, 128, 12, 12]          32,896\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-9                  [1, 128, 12, 12]          32,896\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-10                 [1, 192, 12, 12]          221,376\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-11                 [1, 32, 12, 12]           8,224\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-12                 [1, 96, 12, 12]           76,896\n",
       "│    │    └─MaxPool2d: 3-13              [1, 256, 12, 12]          --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-14                 [1, 64, 12, 12]           16,448\n",
       "│    └─MaxPool2d: 2-11                   [1, 480, 6, 6]            --\n",
       "├─Sequential: 1-4                        [1, 832, 3, 3]            --\n",
       "│    └─Inception: 2-12                   [1, 512, 6, 6]            --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-15                 [1, 192, 6, 6]            92,352\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-16                 [1, 96, 6, 6]             46,176\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-17                 [1, 208, 6, 6]            179,920\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-18                 [1, 16, 6, 6]             7,696\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-19                 [1, 48, 6, 6]             19,248\n",
       "│    │    └─MaxPool2d: 3-20              [1, 480, 6, 6]            --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-21                 [1, 64, 6, 6]             30,784\n",
       "│    └─Inception: 2-13                   [1, 512, 6, 6]            --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-22                 [1, 160, 6, 6]            82,080\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-23                 [1, 112, 6, 6]            57,456\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-24                 [1, 224, 6, 6]            226,016\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-25                 [1, 24, 6, 6]             12,312\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-26                 [1, 64, 6, 6]             38,464\n",
       "│    │    └─MaxPool2d: 3-27              [1, 512, 6, 6]            --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-28                 [1, 64, 6, 6]             32,832\n",
       "│    └─Inception: 2-14                   [1, 512, 6, 6]            --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-29                 [1, 128, 6, 6]            65,664\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-30                 [1, 128, 6, 6]            65,664\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-31                 [1, 256, 6, 6]            295,168\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-32                 [1, 24, 6, 6]             12,312\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-33                 [1, 64, 6, 6]             38,464\n",
       "│    │    └─MaxPool2d: 3-34              [1, 512, 6, 6]            --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-35                 [1, 64, 6, 6]             32,832\n",
       "│    └─Inception: 2-15                   [1, 528, 6, 6]            --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-36                 [1, 112, 6, 6]            57,456\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-37                 [1, 144, 6, 6]            73,872\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-38                 [1, 288, 6, 6]            373,536\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-39                 [1, 32, 6, 6]             16,416\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-40                 [1, 64, 6, 6]             51,264\n",
       "│    │    └─MaxPool2d: 3-41              [1, 512, 6, 6]            --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-42                 [1, 64, 6, 6]             32,832\n",
       "│    └─Inception: 2-16                   [1, 832, 6, 6]            --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-43                 [1, 256, 6, 6]            135,424\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-44                 [1, 160, 6, 6]            84,640\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-45                 [1, 320, 6, 6]            461,120\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-46                 [1, 32, 6, 6]             16,928\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-47                 [1, 128, 6, 6]            102,528\n",
       "│    │    └─MaxPool2d: 3-48              [1, 528, 6, 6]            --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-49                 [1, 128, 6, 6]            67,712\n",
       "│    └─MaxPool2d: 2-17                   [1, 832, 3, 3]            --\n",
       "├─Sequential: 1-5                        [1, 1024]                 --\n",
       "│    └─Inception: 2-18                   [1, 832, 3, 3]            --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-50                 [1, 256, 3, 3]            213,248\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-51                 [1, 160, 3, 3]            133,280\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-52                 [1, 320, 3, 3]            461,120\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-53                 [1, 32, 3, 3]             26,656\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-54                 [1, 128, 3, 3]            102,528\n",
       "│    │    └─MaxPool2d: 3-55              [1, 832, 3, 3]            --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-56                 [1, 128, 3, 3]            106,624\n",
       "│    └─Inception: 2-19                   [1, 1024, 3, 3]           --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-57                 [1, 384, 3, 3]            319,872\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-58                 [1, 192, 3, 3]            159,936\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-59                 [1, 384, 3, 3]            663,936\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-60                 [1, 48, 3, 3]             39,984\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-61                 [1, 128, 3, 3]            153,728\n",
       "│    │    └─MaxPool2d: 3-62              [1, 832, 3, 3]            --\n",
       "│    │    └─Conv2d: 3-63                 [1, 128, 3, 3]            106,624\n",
       "│    └─AdaptiveAvgPool2d: 2-20           [1, 1024, 1, 1]           --\n",
       "│    └─Flatten: 2-21                     [1, 1024]                 --\n",
       "├─Linear: 1-6                            [1, 10]                   10,250\n",
       "==========================================================================================\n",
       "Total params: 5,977,530\n",
       "Trainable params: 5,977,530\n",
       "Non-trainable params: 0\n",
       "Total mult-adds (Units.MEGABYTES): 276.66\n",
       "==========================================================================================\n",
       "Input size (MB): 0.04\n",
       "Forward/backward pass size (MB): 4.74\n",
       "Params size (MB): 23.91\n",
       "Estimated Total Size (MB): 28.69\n",
       "=========================================================================================="
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 65,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 65
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:36.729050116Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:36.672212588Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "lr, num_epochs, batch_size = 0.1, 10, 128\n",
    "train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size, resize=96)\n",
    "#d2l.train_ch6(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, lr, d2l.try_gpu())"
   ],
   "id": "3760a5e5813405f7",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 66
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:36.793463633Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:36.742329034Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "class Residual(nn.Module):\n",
    "    def __init__(self,input_channels,num_channels,use_1x1conv=False,strides=1):\n",
    "        super().__init__()\n",
    "        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(input_channels,num_channels,kernel_size=3,padding=1,stride=strides)\n",
    "        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(num_channels,num_channels,kernel_size=3,padding=1)\n",
    "        if use_1x1conv:\n",
    "            self.conv3 = nn.Conv2d(input_channels,num_channels,kernel_size=1,stride=strides)\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            self.conv3= None\n",
    "        self.bn1=nn.BatchNorm2d(num_channels)\n",
    "        self.bn2=nn.BatchNorm2d(num_channels)\n",
    "    def forward(self,X):\n",
    "        Y=F.relu(self.bn1(self.conv1(X)))\n",
    "        Y=self.bn2(self.conv2(Y))\n",
    "        if self.conv3:\n",
    "            X = self.conv3(X)\n",
    "        Y+=X\n",
    "        return F.relu(Y)\n"
   ],
   "id": "9300979845ba6916",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 67
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:36.854913593Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:36.806531736Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "blk = Residual(3,3)\n",
    "X = torch.rand(4, 3, 6, 6)"
   ],
   "id": "1248323517ff3228",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 68
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:36.923726941Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:36.856121115Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "blk = Residual(3,6, use_1x1conv=True, strides=2)\n",
    "blk(X).shape"
   ],
   "id": "82cdbd71a157b51c",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "torch.Size([4, 6, 3, 3])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 69,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 69
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:36.973017126Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:36.924981665Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "b1 = nn.Sequential(nn.Conv2d(1, 64, kernel_size=7, stride=2, padding=3),\n",
    "nn.BatchNorm2d(64), nn.ReLU(),\n",
    "nn.MaxPool2d(kernel_size=3, stride=2, padding=1))"
   ],
   "id": "727da1d2d363ac62",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 70
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.023199935Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:36.974467726Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def resnet_block(input_channels, num_channels, num_residuals,\n",
    "                first_block=False):\n",
    "    blk = []\n",
    "    for i in range(num_residuals):\n",
    "        if i == 0 and not first_block:\n",
    "            blk.append(Residual(input_channels, num_channels,\n",
    "                        use_1x1conv=True, strides=2))\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            blk.append(Residual(num_channels, num_channels))\n",
    "    return blk"
   ],
   "id": "124134971f8441c0",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 71
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.072041927Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.024683317Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "b2 = nn.Sequential(*resnet_block(64, 64, 2, first_block=True))\n",
    "b3 = nn.Sequential(*resnet_block(64, 128, 2))\n",
    "b4 = nn.Sequential(*resnet_block(128, 256, 2))\n",
    "b5 = nn.Sequential(*resnet_block(256, 512, 2))"
   ],
   "id": "ca1f1c69fba3e913",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 72
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.121767680Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.073541025Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "net = nn.Sequential(b1, b2, b3, b4, b5,\n",
    "nn.AdaptiveAvgPool2d((1,1)),\n",
    "nn.Flatten(), nn.Linear(512, 10))"
   ],
   "id": "f21db27de5dbdec1",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 73
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.202821371Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.123064637Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "X = torch.rand(size=(1, 1, 224, 224))\n",
    "for layer in net:\n",
    "    X = layer(X)\n",
    "    print(layer.__class__.__name__,'output shape:\\t', X.shape)"
   ],
   "id": "6f8851a2bfd18c4e",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Sequential output shape:\t torch.Size([1, 64, 56, 56])\n",
      "Sequential output shape:\t torch.Size([1, 64, 56, 56])\n",
      "Sequential output shape:\t torch.Size([1, 128, 28, 28])\n",
      "Sequential output shape:\t torch.Size([1, 256, 14, 14])\n",
      "Sequential output shape:\t torch.Size([1, 512, 7, 7])\n",
      "AdaptiveAvgPool2d output shape:\t torch.Size([1, 512, 1, 1])\n",
      "Flatten output shape:\t torch.Size([1, 512])\n",
      "Linear output shape:\t torch.Size([1, 10])\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 74
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.251179948Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.204125947Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "lr, num_epochs, batch_size = 0.05, 10, 256\n",
    "train_iter, test_iter = d2l.load_data_fashion_mnist(batch_size, resize=96)\n",
    "#d2l.train_ch6(net, train_iter, test_iter, num_epochs, lr, d2l.try_gpu())"
   ],
   "id": "e095d74b29dffef6",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 75
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.324948458Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.256990577Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "import torch\n",
    "import d2l.torch as d2l\n",
    "import numpy\n",
    "import torch.nn as nn\n",
    "import torch.nn.functional as F\n",
    "print(torch.version.__version__)"
   ],
   "id": "3fd6d22221f87bea",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "2.10.0+cu128\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 76
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.375981476Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.328240979Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "A=torch.Tensor([[1,2,0,0],[0,2,0,0],[0,0,2,1],[0,0,0,3]])\n",
    "C=torch.Tensor([[1,0,0,0],[0,1,0,0],[0,0,-2,3],[0,0,0,-3]])"
   ],
   "id": "254f5d3d659dbe0f",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 77
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.425553458Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.377516460Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "B=torch.Tensor([[2,0,0,0],[-2,1,0,0],[0,0,-3,0],[0,0,0,-3]])",
   "id": "a13d9c27c2fdbfad",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 78
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.480263855Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.427439519Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "torch.mm(A,C)",
   "id": "e513a37beaa85f8f",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[ 1.,  2.,  0.,  0.],\n",
       "        [ 0.,  2.,  0.,  0.],\n",
       "        [ 0.,  0., -4.,  3.],\n",
       "        [ 0.,  0.,  0., -9.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 79,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 79
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.626602811Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.543653646Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "torch.det(torch.mm(torch.mm(A,C),B))",
   "id": "9a85eceac652875f",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor(1296.)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 80,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 80
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.767593515Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.692991032Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "1296**5\n",
   "id": "6dc27d79722da58f",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "3656158440062976"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 81,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 81
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.817415051Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.779730510Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "torch.mm(C,B)",
   "id": "ec5a170d775f4705",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[ 2.,  0.,  0.,  0.],\n",
       "        [-2.,  1.,  0.,  0.],\n",
       "        [ 0.,  0.,  6., -9.],\n",
       "        [ 0.,  0.,  0.,  9.]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 82,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 82
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.035076815Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:37.870776022Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "T = 1000 # 总共产生1000个点\n",
    "time = torch.arange(1, T + 1, dtype=torch.float32)\n",
    "x = torch.sin(0.01 * time) + torch.normal(0, 0.2, (T,))\n",
    "d2l.plot(time, [x], 'time', 'x', xlim=[1, 1000], figsize=(6, 3))"
   ],
   "id": "c3884b10464c6baa",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 600x300 with 1 Axes>"
      ],
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     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data",
     "jetTransient": {
      "display_id": null
     }
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 83
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.254208009Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.094754063Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "tau = 4\n",
    "features = torch.zeros((T - tau, tau))\n",
    "for i in range(tau):\n",
    "    features[:, i] = x[i: T - tau + i]\n",
    "labels = x[tau:].reshape((-1, 1))\n",
    "x,features,labels\n"
   ],
   "id": "5d450c6f6b724a14",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
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       "         -7.4747e-01, -9.1390e-01, -1.1208e+00, -1.3740e+00, -1.0556e+00,\n",
       "         -9.5917e-01, -7.6300e-01, -1.0235e+00, -1.0120e+00, -7.2330e-01,\n",
       "         -1.0387e+00, -5.4913e-01, -5.8775e-01, -9.5260e-01, -7.9546e-01,\n",
       "         -6.3363e-01, -7.6522e-01, -1.0495e+00, -1.1376e+00, -9.7715e-01,\n",
       "         -1.0136e+00, -1.0233e+00, -4.2618e-01, -9.1957e-01, -1.1356e+00,\n",
       "         -9.9493e-01, -6.0729e-01, -6.6857e-01, -8.6124e-01, -6.8043e-01,\n",
       "         -7.9954e-01, -9.4514e-01, -9.6364e-01, -7.6007e-01, -7.9190e-01,\n",
       "         -9.0256e-01, -1.0012e+00, -8.1351e-01, -1.0263e+00, -7.2729e-01,\n",
       "         -8.8496e-01, -1.2832e+00, -8.1455e-01, -7.6072e-01, -9.7935e-01,\n",
       "         -1.0354e+00, -1.1628e+00, -8.2264e-01, -7.7549e-01, -1.6201e+00,\n",
       "         -6.8463e-01, -1.0060e+00, -8.6768e-01, -7.4937e-01, -1.0767e+00,\n",
       "         -5.6351e-01, -9.3733e-01, -1.2270e+00, -9.3480e-01, -1.1192e+00,\n",
       "         -1.2890e+00, -1.3016e+00, -9.8122e-01, -1.2527e+00, -8.9113e-01,\n",
       "         -9.9467e-01, -7.3336e-01, -1.2790e+00, -1.2139e+00, -7.6957e-01,\n",
       "         -8.9945e-01, -1.2749e+00, -7.1642e-01, -1.0271e+00, -1.3689e+00,\n",
       "         -8.8271e-01, -9.3780e-01, -1.0709e+00, -1.0079e+00, -1.2095e+00,\n",
       "         -8.3435e-01, -1.1892e+00, -5.8446e-01, -1.0576e+00, -7.8082e-01,\n",
       "         -9.9774e-01, -1.0047e+00, -9.4661e-01, -7.9260e-01, -7.8298e-01,\n",
       "         -8.1630e-01, -1.1429e+00, -9.0614e-01, -1.2286e+00, -1.0185e+00,\n",
       "         -9.2398e-01, -9.3490e-01, -1.1074e+00, -7.6938e-01, -7.7835e-01,\n",
       "         -7.9201e-01, -8.3866e-01, -5.0138e-01, -1.0518e+00, -1.1464e+00,\n",
       "         -8.3545e-01, -6.3239e-01, -8.6411e-01, -1.0649e+00, -8.3904e-01,\n",
       "         -9.3103e-01, -9.5688e-01, -1.3042e+00, -7.8724e-01, -8.9785e-01,\n",
       "         -5.8319e-01, -9.7922e-01, -9.8292e-01, -1.0255e+00, -6.4694e-01,\n",
       "         -8.0609e-01, -6.8586e-01, -1.0256e+00, -6.2613e-01, -5.2035e-01,\n",
       "         -8.2406e-01, -6.1214e-01, -6.3858e-01, -7.9211e-01, -8.4110e-01,\n",
       "         -8.7759e-01, -1.0926e+00, -4.8413e-01, -8.8961e-01, -8.6125e-01,\n",
       "         -8.4024e-01, -7.4395e-01, -7.6605e-01, -7.7586e-01, -6.6531e-01,\n",
       "         -8.7798e-01, -5.3314e-01, -3.8761e-01, -5.2371e-01, -4.9831e-01,\n",
       "         -4.7124e-01, -4.0311e-01, -3.9151e-01, -6.0217e-01, -3.5831e-01,\n",
       "         -8.1952e-01, -3.7521e-01, -4.1182e-01, -6.9520e-01, -1.3176e-01,\n",
       "         -3.5725e-01, -6.3746e-01, -7.1734e-01, -6.0116e-01, -4.7620e-01,\n",
       "         -1.3156e-01, -6.7144e-01, -4.4765e-01, -7.9655e-01, -4.6641e-01,\n",
       "         -5.1395e-01, -5.9736e-01, -7.0441e-02, -2.9234e-01, -6.3963e-01,\n",
       "         -5.2695e-01, -8.9920e-01, -3.9060e-01, -3.3070e-01, -5.8975e-02,\n",
       "         -3.4768e-01, -3.9728e-01, -5.0462e-01, -6.9052e-01, -2.6284e-01,\n",
       "         -5.3189e-01, -2.8471e-01, -3.8808e-01, -2.5389e-01, -1.0635e-01,\n",
       "         -4.4742e-01, -2.8809e-01, -4.6124e-01, -1.8804e-01, -6.5422e-01,\n",
       "         -2.9021e-01, -1.6320e-01, -2.7098e-01, -1.8750e-01,  2.4683e-01,\n",
       "         -1.2878e-01, -2.1855e-01, -5.1811e-01,  5.4305e-02, -1.7425e-01,\n",
       "         -2.6757e-01,  1.3357e-01, -3.1198e-01,  8.1655e-02, -2.8527e-01,\n",
       "         -1.3569e-01, -1.4587e-01,  1.7095e-01, -2.3103e-02,  2.1838e-01,\n",
       "         -1.6752e-01,  3.1579e-01,  2.7031e-01, -2.4856e-01,  7.6009e-03,\n",
       "         -1.1322e-03, -2.0730e-01, -1.2818e-01,  1.4944e-01,  9.0087e-02,\n",
       "          4.0082e-01,  2.9144e-01, -1.4654e-01,  8.8202e-02, -1.7362e-01,\n",
       "         -9.1909e-03, -8.0324e-02, -5.5343e-02,  5.8975e-01,  1.6623e-01,\n",
       "          3.3504e-01,  2.4773e-02,  8.7046e-02, -1.6163e-01,  5.1961e-01,\n",
       "          1.7512e-01,  1.0362e-01,  2.0362e-01,  1.9839e-01,  4.1845e-01,\n",
       "          4.6793e-01, -1.1853e-01,  1.2487e-01,  1.9344e-01,  3.0220e-01,\n",
       "          8.3792e-02,  3.1021e-01,  3.2869e-01,  3.0734e-01,  5.7626e-01,\n",
       "          4.3928e-01,  3.1897e-01,  2.8437e-01,  5.5234e-01,  6.2213e-01,\n",
       "          6.1580e-01,  3.9967e-01,  4.5823e-01,  4.3247e-01,  5.0114e-01,\n",
       "          8.3448e-01,  4.9888e-01,  5.0631e-01,  2.0848e-01,  3.6072e-01,\n",
       "          2.7618e-01,  4.0099e-01,  5.4027e-01,  2.4210e-01,  1.2701e-01,\n",
       "          4.4325e-01,  3.0193e-01,  3.6690e-01,  5.7623e-01,  5.2195e-01,\n",
       "          6.5280e-01,  5.7883e-01,  2.9837e-01,  2.5124e-01,  3.4579e-01,\n",
       "          2.2099e-01,  3.4217e-01,  8.5317e-01,  7.0991e-01,  3.0030e-01,\n",
       "          7.5253e-01,  7.0718e-01,  7.5546e-01,  8.3272e-01,  8.2167e-01,\n",
       "          6.8525e-01,  8.5421e-01,  3.8577e-01,  6.1654e-01,  6.7905e-01,\n",
       "          9.9523e-01,  7.6051e-01,  8.6416e-01,  6.0249e-01,  1.2840e+00,\n",
       "          6.4849e-01,  5.6504e-01,  6.7845e-01,  3.4798e-01,  6.4645e-01,\n",
       "          7.8018e-01,  9.8716e-01,  7.3607e-01,  7.5667e-01,  9.4265e-01,\n",
       "          8.0938e-01,  2.6675e-01,  6.1355e-01,  9.0162e-01,  4.2799e-01,\n",
       "          8.3804e-01,  4.6611e-01,  8.9841e-01,  9.1118e-01,  6.0615e-01,\n",
       "          8.8064e-01,  1.1570e+00,  9.5360e-01,  6.1671e-01,  7.3730e-01,\n",
       "          1.1604e+00,  7.5139e-01,  1.0676e+00,  8.5293e-01,  1.2444e+00,\n",
       "          7.3487e-01,  7.2214e-01,  1.3246e+00,  9.9059e-01,  1.1876e+00,\n",
       "          8.9527e-01,  1.1861e+00,  1.1246e+00,  1.4331e+00,  1.0912e+00,\n",
       "          1.0825e+00,  1.1025e+00,  9.9692e-01,  7.3992e-01,  6.6441e-01,\n",
       "          9.1873e-01,  9.2798e-01,  1.3192e+00,  1.0102e+00,  1.3542e+00,\n",
       "          1.0066e+00,  1.0593e+00,  1.0544e+00,  1.0728e+00,  8.1399e-01,\n",
       "          1.2641e+00,  1.0079e+00,  1.0601e+00,  1.0796e+00,  1.0223e+00,\n",
       "          1.1092e+00,  7.7240e-01,  1.3857e+00,  9.1455e-01,  8.6129e-01,\n",
       "          8.0728e-01,  6.1754e-01,  1.0502e+00,  9.3687e-01,  9.5378e-01,\n",
       "          9.7054e-01,  1.2540e+00,  1.1463e+00,  1.1405e+00,  1.2536e+00,\n",
       "          8.8310e-01,  1.3811e+00,  1.1267e+00,  7.9463e-01,  1.2574e+00,\n",
       "          1.0988e+00,  1.3334e+00,  1.2709e+00,  1.0338e+00,  8.9485e-01,\n",
       "          8.5191e-01,  6.2941e-01,  8.1570e-01,  1.1244e+00,  1.0805e+00,\n",
       "          9.9755e-01,  1.0758e+00,  1.1607e+00,  1.0960e+00,  9.6049e-01,\n",
       "          1.0852e+00,  9.1462e-01,  9.4122e-01,  9.8505e-01,  7.3513e-01,\n",
       "          1.0134e+00,  8.3373e-01,  7.4578e-01,  1.1270e+00,  1.0679e+00,\n",
       "          8.9848e-01,  9.9106e-01,  9.4795e-01,  1.0659e+00,  8.2919e-01,\n",
       "          8.6020e-01,  1.3219e+00,  1.0991e+00,  1.0899e+00,  1.1484e+00,\n",
       "          1.0549e+00,  8.9757e-01,  1.2341e+00,  7.1129e-01,  7.8177e-01,\n",
       "          7.1453e-01,  9.2287e-01,  5.1673e-01,  7.2670e-01,  5.6472e-01,\n",
       "          1.0603e+00,  5.5677e-01,  7.6662e-01,  5.9738e-01,  8.7946e-01,\n",
       "          7.2365e-01,  1.1941e+00,  9.4780e-01,  5.6618e-01,  5.3710e-01,\n",
       "          6.8202e-01,  1.0785e+00,  7.5097e-01,  7.3525e-01,  7.4950e-01,\n",
       "          7.1948e-01,  8.9217e-01,  3.9244e-01,  7.3835e-01,  4.3247e-01,\n",
       "          7.5097e-01,  7.1474e-01,  8.1818e-01,  6.3685e-01,  1.0300e+00,\n",
       "          5.9656e-01,  1.0586e+00,  8.1963e-01,  4.9452e-01,  1.0996e+00,\n",
       "          5.0523e-01,  9.3571e-01,  5.5205e-01,  6.1644e-01,  6.4985e-01,\n",
       "          6.3577e-01,  8.5211e-01,  9.2536e-01,  4.3236e-01,  5.6647e-01,\n",
       "          4.7429e-01,  8.5065e-01,  5.0285e-01,  1.0053e+00,  4.8989e-01,\n",
       "          1.1755e-01,  8.2002e-01,  7.0019e-01,  6.1519e-02,  6.4777e-01,\n",
       "          3.1640e-01,  2.8206e-01,  7.1172e-01,  7.0953e-01,  6.4411e-01,\n",
       "          4.9723e-01,  4.9160e-01,  7.2991e-01,  4.4568e-01,  4.7622e-01,\n",
       "          2.6474e-01,  6.0209e-01,  5.5910e-01,  4.3042e-01,  5.2249e-01,\n",
       "          2.1004e-01,  5.4428e-01,  1.2475e-01,  4.2799e-01,  7.4566e-02,\n",
       "          5.3251e-01,  6.1238e-01,  3.2354e-01,  1.3797e-02,  2.1109e-01,\n",
       "          5.6343e-01,  3.2116e-01,  5.0386e-01,  9.1126e-02,  4.6912e-01,\n",
       "          3.4669e-02,  4.0979e-01,  1.4810e-02,  3.8405e-01,  2.2161e-01,\n",
       "          1.9445e-01, -3.5447e-01,  1.5456e-01,  1.6863e-01,  2.0110e-01,\n",
       "          1.5556e-01,  2.2514e-02,  1.6489e-01,  1.6907e-01, -9.4499e-02,\n",
       "          1.3021e-01,  2.4134e-01,  9.6924e-02,  1.5037e-01,  3.9969e-02,\n",
       "         -2.2726e-01,  2.8770e-01, -1.7184e-01, -1.3635e-01, -8.5396e-02,\n",
       "         -9.3818e-02, -4.1428e-02, -4.6396e-01, -1.7805e-01,  3.6114e-01,\n",
       "          1.5889e-01, -2.7120e-01,  2.0932e-01, -4.9246e-01, -1.9852e-02,\n",
       "         -9.9432e-02, -3.6289e-01,  2.1602e-01, -1.5902e-01,  2.5226e-01,\n",
       "         -4.1119e-01,  7.3532e-03, -2.6737e-01, -9.9375e-02, -5.8365e-01,\n",
       "         -3.8112e-01,  1.0808e-02, -6.2558e-01, -4.5019e-01, -3.2798e-01,\n",
       "         -7.1162e-02, -2.6805e-01, -2.4978e-01, -3.4975e-01, -2.8487e-01,\n",
       "         -2.4127e-01, -5.3032e-01, -5.4788e-01, -6.5170e-01, -3.3645e-01,\n",
       "         -3.3031e-01, -2.5862e-01, -4.1498e-01, -3.1122e-01, -4.6045e-01,\n",
       "         -5.4418e-01, -2.6614e-01, -4.7850e-01, -3.8730e-01, -3.8611e-01,\n",
       "         -4.1716e-01, -4.9462e-01, -6.8122e-01, -4.3859e-01, -4.6447e-01,\n",
       "         -2.6121e-01, -6.4777e-01, -2.9884e-01, -2.7754e-01, -3.8261e-01,\n",
       "         -5.6598e-01, -1.7966e-01, -8.3324e-01, -5.7268e-01, -5.2891e-01]),\n",
       " tensor([[ 0.0644, -0.0288,  0.2246, -0.1722],\n",
       "         [-0.0288,  0.2246, -0.1722,  0.0664],\n",
       "         [ 0.2246, -0.1722,  0.0664, -0.1036],\n",
       "         ...,\n",
       "         [-0.2775, -0.3826, -0.5660, -0.1797],\n",
       "         [-0.3826, -0.5660, -0.1797, -0.8332],\n",
       "         [-0.5660, -0.1797, -0.8332, -0.5727]]),\n",
       " tensor([[ 6.6353e-02],\n",
       "         [-1.0363e-01],\n",
       "         [ 8.8868e-02],\n",
       "         [ 1.5603e-01],\n",
       "         [ 2.0316e-01],\n",
       "         [ 2.2209e-01],\n",
       "         [ 4.0233e-01],\n",
       "         [ 1.8191e-01],\n",
       "         [ 9.4271e-02],\n",
       "         [ 1.9833e-01],\n",
       "         [ 2.7132e-01],\n",
       "         [-2.6344e-02],\n",
       "         [ 1.3314e-01],\n",
       "         [-9.5498e-02],\n",
       "         [ 4.2949e-01],\n",
       "         [ 2.9735e-01],\n",
       "         [ 2.6208e-01],\n",
       "         [ 2.5798e-01],\n",
       "         [ 2.6224e-01],\n",
       "         [ 4.0028e-01],\n",
       "         [ 1.6453e-01],\n",
       "         [-3.6497e-03],\n",
       "         [ 4.5941e-02],\n",
       "         [ 2.9152e-01],\n",
       "         [ 2.8247e-01],\n",
       "         [ 3.1230e-01],\n",
       "         [ 4.0011e-01],\n",
       "         [ 1.4096e-01],\n",
       "         [ 4.1744e-01],\n",
       "         [ 3.4225e-01],\n",
       "         [-4.5256e-02],\n",
       "         [ 2.8870e-01],\n",
       "         [ 3.8852e-01],\n",
       "         [ 3.4837e-01],\n",
       "         [ 6.1889e-01],\n",
       "         [ 6.2549e-01],\n",
       "         [ 2.3834e-01],\n",
       "         [ 4.8642e-01],\n",
       "         [ 3.5614e-01],\n",
       "         [ 1.1784e-01],\n",
       "         [ 3.8346e-01],\n",
       "         [ 4.5669e-01],\n",
       "         [ 3.6588e-01],\n",
       "         [ 2.6488e-01],\n",
       "         [ 6.0995e-01],\n",
       "         [ 6.9697e-01],\n",
       "         [ 7.5780e-01],\n",
       "         [ 5.8101e-01],\n",
       "         [ 3.5400e-01],\n",
       "         [ 2.4635e-01],\n",
       "         [ 4.7288e-01],\n",
       "         [ 6.6484e-01],\n",
       "         [ 6.3196e-01],\n",
       "         [ 5.6758e-01],\n",
       "         [ 3.1575e-01],\n",
       "         [ 7.3676e-01],\n",
       "         [ 8.1908e-01],\n",
       "         [ 8.8408e-01],\n",
       "         [ 7.6086e-01],\n",
       "         [ 4.3549e-01],\n",
       "         [ 7.9157e-01],\n",
       "         [ 4.1029e-01],\n",
       "         [ 3.4122e-01],\n",
       "         [ 1.0624e+00],\n",
       "         [ 9.8399e-01],\n",
       "         [ 7.3473e-01],\n",
       "         [ 6.9833e-01],\n",
       "         [ 3.4119e-01],\n",
       "         [ 7.3251e-01],\n",
       "         [ 6.7880e-01],\n",
       "         [ 6.3626e-01],\n",
       "         [ 1.0105e+00],\n",
       "         [ 7.0007e-01],\n",
       "         [ 1.1702e+00],\n",
       "         [ 6.0600e-01],\n",
       "         [ 8.9456e-01],\n",
       "         [ 5.1218e-01],\n",
       "         [ 7.3733e-01],\n",
       "         [ 6.1851e-01],\n",
       "         [ 7.6468e-01],\n",
       "         [ 6.5189e-01],\n",
       "         [ 1.0688e+00],\n",
       "         [ 1.0419e+00],\n",
       "         [ 9.7937e-01],\n",
       "         [ 1.0725e+00],\n",
       "         [ 5.4258e-01],\n",
       "         [ 9.2915e-01],\n",
       "         [ 4.3405e-01],\n",
       "         [ 4.7934e-01],\n",
       "         [ 1.1528e+00],\n",
       "         [ 7.5340e-01],\n",
       "         [ 5.4904e-01],\n",
       "         [ 5.4025e-01],\n",
       "         [ 5.1751e-01],\n",
       "         [ 2.9075e-01],\n",
       "         [ 5.5143e-01],\n",
       "         [ 8.6160e-01],\n",
       "         [ 9.6728e-01],\n",
       "         [ 6.0795e-01],\n",
       "         [ 7.0219e-01],\n",
       "         [ 1.0551e+00],\n",
       "         [ 7.9270e-01],\n",
       "         [ 9.2103e-01],\n",
       "         [ 8.7458e-01],\n",
       "         [ 9.9153e-01],\n",
       "         [ 6.0989e-01],\n",
       "         [ 7.4993e-01],\n",
       "         [ 6.9077e-01],\n",
       "         [ 5.6804e-01],\n",
       "         [ 7.0561e-01],\n",
       "         [ 7.8830e-01],\n",
       "         [ 9.7916e-01],\n",
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       "         [-5.2891e-01]]))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 84,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 84
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.270738873Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.256891510Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "batch_size, n_train = 16, 600\n",
    "# 只有前n_train个样本用于训练\n",
    "train_iter = d2l.load_array((features[:n_train], labels[:n_train]),\n",
    "batch_size, is_train=True)\n"
   ],
   "id": "239a596b20d40dec",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 85
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.324191264Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.275367502Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def init_weights(m):\n",
    "    if type(m) == nn.Linear:\n",
    "        nn.init.xavier_uniform_(m.weight)"
   ],
   "id": "54d30bd0ee41cb8",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 86
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.371737960Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.325724185Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def get_net():\n",
    "    net = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(4, 10),\n",
    "    nn.ReLU(),\n",
    "    nn.Linear(10, 1))\n",
    "    net.apply(init_weights)\n",
    "    return net\n",
    "loss = nn.MSELoss(reduction='none')"
   ],
   "id": "5d095792e3b3681",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 87
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.471484710Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.373039400Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def train(net, train_iter, loss, epochs, lr):\n",
    "    trainer = torch.optim.Adam(net.parameters(), lr)\n",
    "    for epoch in range(epochs):\n",
    "        for X, y in train_iter:\n",
    "            trainer.zero_grad()\n",
    "            l = loss(net(X), y)\n",
    "            l.sum().backward()\n",
    "            trainer.step()\n",
    "        print(f'epoch {epoch + 1}, '\n",
    "                f'loss: {d2l.evaluate_loss(net, train_iter, loss):f}')\n",
    "net = get_net()\n",
    "train(net, train_iter, loss, 5, 0.01)"
   ],
   "id": "5c1dba484e805335",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "epoch 1, loss: 0.057278\n",
      "epoch 2, loss: 0.051284\n",
      "epoch 3, loss: 0.047806\n",
      "epoch 4, loss: 0.048928\n",
      "epoch 5, loss: 0.049009\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "name": "stderr",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "/home/yukun/.conda/envs/nn/lib/python3.11/site-packages/d2l/torch.py:3179: UserWarning: Converting a tensor with requires_grad=True to a scalar may lead to unexpected behavior.\n",
      "Consider using tensor.detach() first. (Triggered internally at /pytorch/torch/csrc/autograd/generated/python_variable_methods.cpp:836.)\n",
      "  self.data = [a + float(b) for a, b in zip(self.data, args)]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 88
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.651527416Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.486176418Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "onestep_preds = net(features)\n",
    "d2l.plot([time, time[tau:]],\n",
    "[x.detach().numpy(), onestep_preds.detach().numpy()], 'time',\n",
    "'x', legend=['data', '1-step preds'], xlim=[1, 1000],\n",
    "figsize=(6, 3))"
   ],
   "id": "a6efb4a978cd9375",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "<Figure size 600x300 with 1 Axes>"
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     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data",
     "jetTransient": {
      "display_id": null
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    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 89
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.758036538Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.654924198Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "multistep_preds = torch.zeros(T)\n",
    "multistep_preds[: n_train + tau] = x[: n_train + tau]\n",
    "for i in range(n_train + tau, T):\n",
    "    multistep_preds[i] = net(\n",
    "        multistep_preds[i - tau:i].reshape((1, -1)))\n",
    "d2l.plot([time, time[tau:], time[n_train + tau:]],\n",
    "            [x.detach().numpy(), onestep_preds.detach().numpy(),\n",
    "            multistep_preds[n_train + tau:].detach().numpy()], 'time',\n",
    "            'x', legend=['data', '1-step preds', 'multistep preds'],\n",
    "                xlim=[1, 1000], figsize=(6, 3))"
   ],
   "id": "12c3a1c3912da4dd",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
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   "execution_count": 90
  },
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   "metadata": {
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     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.780075298Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "import collections\n",
    "import re"
   ],
   "id": "aab66c10a4c143d2",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 91
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.889096136Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.833703204Z"
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "d2l.DATA_HUB['time_machine'] = (d2l.DATA_URL + 'timemachine.txt',\n",
    "'090b5e7e70c295757f55df93cb0a180b9691891a')\n",
    "def read_time_machine(): #@save\n",
    "    \"\"\"将时间机器数据集加载到文本行的列表中\"\"\"\n",
    "    with open(d2l.download('time_machine'), 'r') as f:\n",
    "        lines = f.readlines()\n",
    "    return [re.sub('[^A-Za-z]+', ' ', line).strip().lower() for line in lines]\n",
    "lines = read_time_machine()\n",
    "print(f'# 文本总行数: {len(lines)}')\n",
    "print(lines[0])\n",
    "print(lines[10])"
   ],
   "id": "1aff117af810525e",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "# 文本总行数: 3221\n",
      "the time machine by h g wells\n",
      "twinkled and his usually pale face was flushed and animated the\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 92
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
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     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.905164643Z"
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   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def tokenize(lines, token='word'): #@save\n",
    "    \"\"\"将文本行拆分为单词或字符词元\"\"\"\n",
    "    if token == 'word':\n",
    "        return [line.split() for line in lines]\n",
    "    elif token == 'char':\n",
    "        return [list(line) for line in lines]\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        print('错误：未知词元类型：' + token)\n",
    "tokens = tokenize(lines)\n",
    "for i in range(11):\n",
    "    print(tokens[i])"
   ],
   "id": "eb4fe9745fbaa5e2",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "['the', 'time', 'machine', 'by', 'h', 'g', 'wells']\n",
      "[]\n",
      "[]\n",
      "[]\n",
      "[]\n",
      "['i']\n",
      "[]\n",
      "[]\n",
      "['the', 'time', 'traveller', 'for', 'so', 'it', 'will', 'be', 'convenient', 'to', 'speak', 'of', 'him']\n",
      "['was', 'expounding', 'a', 'recondite', 'matter', 'to', 'us', 'his', 'grey', 'eyes', 'shone', 'and']\n",
      "['twinkled', 'and', 'his', 'usually', 'pale', 'face', 'was', 'flushed', 'and', 'animated', 'the']\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 93
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:39.026306689Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:38.975870867Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def count_corpus(tokens): #@save\n",
    "    \"\"\"统计词元的频率\"\"\"\n",
    "    # 这里的tokens是1D列表或2D列表\n",
    "    if len(tokens) == 0 or isinstance(tokens[0], list):\n",
    "    # 将词元列表展平成一个列表\n",
    "        tokens = [token for line in tokens for token in line]\n",
    "    return collections.Counter(tokens)\n",
    "class Vocab: #@save\n",
    "    \"\"\"文本词表\"\"\"\n",
    "    def __init__(self, tokens=None, min_freq=0, reserved_tokens=None):\n",
    "        if tokens is None:\n",
    "            tokens = []\n",
    "        if reserved_tokens is None:\n",
    "            reserved_tokens = []\n",
    "        # 按出现频率排序\n",
    "        counter = count_corpus(tokens)\n",
    "        self._token_freqs = sorted(counter.items(), key=lambda x: x[1],\n",
    "                                    reverse=True)\n",
    "        # 未知词元的索引为0\n",
    "        self.idx_to_token = ['<unk>'] + reserved_tokens\n",
    "        self.token_to_idx = {token: idx\n",
    "                                for idx, token in enumerate(self.idx_to_token)}\n",
    "        for token, freq in self._token_freqs:\n",
    "            if freq < min_freq:\n",
    "                break\n",
    "            if token not in self.token_to_idx:\n",
    "                self.idx_to_token.append(token)\n",
    "                self.token_to_idx[token] = len(self.idx_to_token) - 1\n",
    "    def __len__(self):\n",
    "        return len(self.idx_to_token)\n",
    "    def __getitem__(self, tokens):\n",
    "        if not isinstance(tokens, (list, tuple)):\n",
    "            return self.token_to_idx.get(tokens, self.unk)\n",
    "        return [self.__getitem__(token) for token in tokens]\n",
    "    def to_tokens(self, indices):\n",
    "        if not isinstance(indices, (list, tuple)):\n",
    "            return self.idx_to_token[indices]\n",
    "        return [self.idx_to_token[index] for index in indices]\n",
    "    @property\n",
    "    def unk(self): # 未知词元的索引为0\n",
    "        return 0\n",
    "    @property\n",
    "    def token_freqs(self):\n",
    "        return self._token_freqs"
   ],
   "id": "bee8e5d7b798c6c",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 94
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:39.084414078Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:39.028224941Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "vocab = Vocab(tokens)\n",
    "print(list(vocab.token_to_idx.items())[:10])"
   ],
   "id": "ff4e8ac2044850b7",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[('<unk>', 0), ('the', 1), ('i', 2), ('and', 3), ('of', 4), ('a', 5), ('to', 6), ('was', 7), ('in', 8), ('that', 9)]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 95
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:39.172122701Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:39.098729247Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "for i in [0, 100]:\n",
    "    print('文本:', tokens[i])\n",
    "    print('索引:', vocab[tokens[i]])"
   ],
   "id": "a4e569dfbd251608",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "文本: ['the', 'time', 'machine', 'by', 'h', 'g', 'wells']\n",
      "索引: [1, 19, 50, 40, 2183, 2184, 400]\n",
      "文本: ['were', 'three', 'dimensional', 'representations', 'of', 'his', 'four', 'dimensioned']\n",
      "索引: [20, 175, 1452, 2250, 4, 25, 262, 2251]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 96
  },
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   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:39.242984562Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:39.173224665Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def load_corpus_time_machine(max_tokens=-1): #@save\n",
    "    \"\"\"返回时光机器数据集的词元索引列表和词表\"\"\"\n",
    "    lines = read_time_machine()\n",
    "    tokens = tokenize(lines, 'char')\n",
    "    vocab = Vocab(tokens)\n",
    "    # 因为时光机器数据集中的每个文本行不一定是一个句子或一个段落，\n",
    "    # 所以将所有文本行展平到一个列表中\n",
    "    corpus = [vocab[token] for line in tokens for token in line]\n",
    "    if max_tokens > 0:\n",
    "        corpus = corpus[:max_tokens]\n",
    "    return corpus, vocab\n",
    "corpus, vocab = load_corpus_time_machine()\n",
    "\n",
    "len(corpus), len(vocab)\n"
   ],
   "id": "1b5c1776ae47af5c",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(170580, 28)"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 97,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 97
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:39.315199771Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:39.258108438Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "tokens = d2l.tokenize(read_time_machine())\n",
    "# 因为每个文本行不一定是一个句子或一个段落，因此我们把所有文本行拼接到一起\n",
    "corpus = [token for line in tokens for token in line]\n",
    "vocab = d2l.Vocab(corpus)\n",
    "vocab.token_freqs[:10]"
   ],
   "id": "99deb85c025e5cdd",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[('the', 2261),\n",
       " ('i', 1267),\n",
       " ('and', 1245),\n",
       " ('of', 1155),\n",
       " ('a', 816),\n",
       " ('to', 695),\n",
       " ('was', 552),\n",
       " ('in', 541),\n",
       " ('that', 443),\n",
       " ('my', 440)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 98,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 98
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:39.598676534Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:39.332385572Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "freqs = [freq for token, freq in vocab.token_freqs]\n",
    "d2l.plot(freqs, xlabel='token: x', ylabel='frequency: n(x)',\n",
    "xscale='log', yscale='log')"
   ],
   "id": "5c0d846673e16c33",
   "outputs": [
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     },
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "display_data",
     "jetTransient": {
      "display_id": null
     }
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 99
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:39.691613898Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:39.602184215Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "bigram_tokens = [pair for pair in zip(corpus[:-1], corpus[1:])]\n",
    "bigram_vocab = Vocab(bigram_tokens)\n",
    "bigram_vocab.token_freqs[:10]"
   ],
   "id": "2826e3ab0863ee64",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[(('of', 'the'), 309),\n",
       " (('in', 'the'), 169),\n",
       " (('i', 'had'), 130),\n",
       " (('i', 'was'), 112),\n",
       " (('and', 'the'), 109),\n",
       " (('the', 'time'), 102),\n",
       " (('it', 'was'), 99),\n",
       " (('to', 'the'), 85),\n",
       " (('as', 'i'), 78),\n",
       " (('of', 'a'), 73)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 100,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 100
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:39.773596513Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:39.693158268Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "trigram_tokens = [triple for triple in zip(\n",
    "corpus[:-2], corpus[1:-1], corpus[2:])]\n",
    "trigram_vocab = Vocab(trigram_tokens)\n",
    "trigram_vocab.token_freqs[:10]"
   ],
   "id": "7c8cd0544bf872bb",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[(('the', 'time', 'traveller'), 59),\n",
       " (('the', 'time', 'machine'), 30),\n",
       " (('the', 'medical', 'man'), 24),\n",
       " (('it', 'seemed', 'to'), 16),\n",
       " (('it', 'was', 'a'), 15),\n",
       " (('here', 'and', 'there'), 15),\n",
       " (('seemed', 'to', 'me'), 14),\n",
       " (('i', 'did', 'not'), 14),\n",
       " (('i', 'saw', 'the'), 13),\n",
       " (('i', 'began', 'to'), 13)]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 101,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 101
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.025057797Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:39.775024733Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "bigram_freqs = [freq for token, freq in bigram_vocab.token_freqs]\n",
    "trigram_freqs = [freq for token, freq in trigram_vocab.token_freqs]\n",
    "d2l.plot([freqs, bigram_freqs, trigram_freqs], xlabel='token: x',\n",
    "ylabel='frequency: n(x)', xscale='log', yscale='log',\n",
    "legend=['unigram', 'bigram', 'trigram'])"
   ],
   "id": "dc3d97dda738613d",
   "outputs": [
    {
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     "metadata": {},
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   ],
   "execution_count": 102
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.090429874Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.040896926Z"
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "import random\n",
    "def seq_data_iter_random(corpus, batch_size, num_steps): #@save\n",
    "    \"\"\"使用随机抽样生成一个小批量子序列\"\"\"\n",
    "    # 从随机偏移量开始对序列进行分区，随机范围包括num_steps-1\n",
    "    corpus = corpus[random.randint(0, num_steps - 1):]\n",
    "    # 减去1，是因为我们需要考虑标签\n",
    "    num_subseqs = (len(corpus) - 1) // num_steps\n",
    "    # 长度为num_steps的子序列的起始索引\n",
    "    initial_indices = list(range(0, num_subseqs * num_steps, num_steps))\n",
    "    # 在随机抽样的迭代过程中，\n",
    "    # 来自两个相邻的、随机的、小批量中的子序列不一定在原始序列上相邻\n",
    "    random.shuffle(initial_indices)\n",
    "    def data(pos):\n",
    "    # 返回从pos位置开始的长度为num_steps的序列\n",
    "        return corpus[pos: pos + num_steps]\n",
    "    num_batches = num_subseqs // batch_size\n",
    "    for i in range(0, batch_size * num_batches, batch_size):\n",
    "        # 在这里，initial_indices包含子序列的随机起始索引\n",
    "        initial_indices_per_batch = initial_indices[i: i + batch_size]\n",
    "        X = [data(j) for j in initial_indices_per_batch]\n",
    "        Y = [data(j + 1) for j in initial_indices_per_batch]\n",
    "        yield torch.tensor(X), torch.tensor(Y)"
   ],
   "id": "fd015793938b83ab",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 103
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.149638908Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.092265248Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "my_seq = list(range(35))\n",
    "for X, Y in seq_data_iter_random(my_seq, batch_size=2, num_steps=5):\n",
    "    print('X: ', X, '\\nY:', Y)"
   ],
   "id": "8961f4934b8c7cc",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "X:  tensor([[26, 27, 28, 29, 30],\n",
      "        [21, 22, 23, 24, 25]]) \n",
      "Y: tensor([[27, 28, 29, 30, 31],\n",
      "        [22, 23, 24, 25, 26]])\n",
      "X:  tensor([[11, 12, 13, 14, 15],\n",
      "        [ 1,  2,  3,  4,  5]]) \n",
      "Y: tensor([[12, 13, 14, 15, 16],\n",
      "        [ 2,  3,  4,  5,  6]])\n",
      "X:  tensor([[ 6,  7,  8,  9, 10],\n",
      "        [16, 17, 18, 19, 20]]) \n",
      "Y: tensor([[ 7,  8,  9, 10, 11],\n",
      "        [17, 18, 19, 20, 21]])\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 104
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.215887628Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.163501969Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def seq_data_iter_sequential(corpus, batch_size, num_steps): #@save\n",
    "    \"\"\"使用顺序分区生成一个小批量子序列\"\"\"\n",
    "    # 从随机偏移量开始划分序列\n",
    "    offset = random.randint(0, num_steps)\n",
    "    num_tokens = ((len(corpus) - offset - 1) // batch_size) * batch_size\n",
    "    Xs = torch.tensor(corpus[offset: offset + num_tokens])\n",
    "    Ys = torch.tensor(corpus[offset + 1: offset + 1 + num_tokens])\n",
    "    Xs, Ys = Xs.reshape(batch_size, -1), Ys.reshape(batch_size, -1)\n",
    "    num_batches = Xs.shape[1] // num_steps\n",
    "    for i in range(0, num_steps * num_batches, num_steps):\n",
    "        X = Xs[:, i: i + num_steps]\n",
    "        Y = Ys[:, i: i + num_steps]\n",
    "        yield X, Y"
   ],
   "id": "621b66c0614b22da",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 105
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.267211418Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.217997368Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "class SeqDataLoader:\n",
    "    \"\"\"加载序列数据的迭代器\"\"\"\n",
    "    def __init__(self, batch_size, num_steps, use_random_iter, max_tokens):\n",
    "        if use_random_iter:\n",
    "            self.data_iter_fn = seq_data_iter_random\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            self.data_iter_fn = seq_data_iter_sequential\n",
    "        self.corpus, self.vocab = load_corpus_time_machine(max_tokens)\n",
    "        self.batch_size, self.num_steps = batch_size, num_steps\n",
    "    def __iter__(self):\n",
    "        return self.data_iter_fn(self.corpus, self.batch_size, self.num_steps)\n",
    "def load_data_time_machine(batch_size, num_steps, #@save\n",
    "                            use_random_iter=False, max_tokens=10000):\n",
    "    \"\"\"返回时光机器数据集的迭代器和词表\"\"\"\n",
    "    data_iter = SeqDataLoader(\n",
    "    batch_size, num_steps, use_random_iter, max_tokens)\n",
    "    return data_iter, data_iter.vocab"
   ],
   "id": "f09fe2507a925fe9",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 106
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.327565785Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.269141766Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "batch_size, num_steps = 32, 35\n",
    "train_iter, vocab = load_data_time_machine(batch_size, num_steps)"
   ],
   "id": "69272a664d3b9ae1",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 107
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.390353470Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.335766683Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "F.one_hot(torch.tensor([0,2]),len(vocab))",
   "id": "35806d36e5ec3ca7",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,\n",
       "         0, 0, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,\n",
       "         0, 0, 0, 0]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 108,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 108
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.545044245Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.446941053Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "X = torch.arange(10).reshape((2, 5))\n",
    "F.one_hot(X.T, 28).shape"
   ],
   "id": "6a4695284b898013",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "torch.Size([5, 2, 28])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 109,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 109
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.636340487Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.574500540Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def get_params(vocab_size, num_hiddens, device):\n",
    "    num_inputs = num_outputs = vocab_size\n",
    "    def normal(shape):\n",
    "        return torch.randn(size=shape, device=device) * 0.01\n",
    "    # 隐藏层参数\n",
    "    W_xh = normal((num_inputs, num_hiddens))\n",
    "    W_hh = normal((num_hiddens, num_hiddens))\n",
    "    b_h = torch.zeros(num_hiddens, device=device)\n",
    "    # 输出层参数\n",
    "    W_hq = normal((num_hiddens, num_outputs))\n",
    "    b_q = torch.zeros(num_outputs, device=device)\n",
    "    # 附加梯度\n",
    "    params = [W_xh, W_hh, b_h, W_hq, b_q]\n",
    "    '''\n",
    "    W_xh x->H_t\n",
    "    W_hh H_t-1->H_t\n",
    "    W_hq H_t->opt\n",
    "    '''\n",
    "    for param in params:\n",
    "        param.requires_grad_(True)\n",
    "    return params\n",
    "def init_rnn_state(batch_size, num_hiddens, device):\n",
    "    return (torch.zeros((batch_size, num_hiddens), device=device), )\n",
    "def rnn(inputs,state,params):\n",
    "    W_xh,W_hh,b_h,W_hq,b_q = params\n",
    "    H, = state\n",
    "    outputs = []\n",
    "    for X in inputs: # X (batchs,vocab)\n",
    "        H = torch.tanh(torch.mm(X,W_xh)+torch.mm(H,W_hh)+b_h)\n",
    "        Y = torch.mm(H,W_hq)+b_q\n",
    "        outputs.append(Y)\n",
    "    return torch.cat(outputs,dim=0),(H,)\n",
    "class RNNModelScratch: #@save\n",
    "    \"\"\"从零开始实现的循环神经网络模型\"\"\"\n",
    "    def __init__(self, vocab_size, num_hiddens, device,\n",
    "                get_params, init_state, forward_fn):\n",
    "        self.vocab_size, self.num_hiddens = vocab_size, num_hiddens\n",
    "        self.params = get_params(vocab_size, num_hiddens, device)\n",
    "        self.init_state, self.forward_fn = init_state, forward_fn\n",
    "    def __call__(self, X, state):\n",
    "        X = F.one_hot(X.T, self.vocab_size).type(torch.float32)\n",
    "        return self.forward_fn(X, state, self.params)\n",
    "    def begin_state(self, batch_size, device):\n",
    "        return self.init_state(batch_size, self.num_hiddens, device)"
   ],
   "id": "405f7c6af8bdd939",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 110
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.714678739Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.640615581Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "num_hiddens = 512\n",
    "net = RNNModelScratch(len(vocab), num_hiddens, d2l.try_gpu(), get_params,\n",
    "init_rnn_state, rnn)\n",
    "state = net.begin_state(X.shape[0], d2l.try_gpu())\n",
    "Y, new_state = net(X.to(d2l.try_gpu()), state)\n",
    "Y.shape, len(new_state), new_state[0].shape"
   ],
   "id": "7bdd0b37b1458ec2",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(torch.Size([10, 28]), 1, torch.Size([2, 512]))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 111,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 111
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.933485442Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.715946914Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def predict_ch8(prefix, num_preds, net, vocab, device): #@save\n",
    "    \"\"\"在prefix后面生成新字符\"\"\"\n",
    "    state = net.begin_state(batch_size=1, device=device)\n",
    "    outputs = [vocab[prefix[0]]]\n",
    "    get_input = lambda: torch.tensor([outputs[-1]], device=device).reshape((1, 1))\n",
    "    for y in prefix[1:]: # 预热期\n",
    "        _, state = net(get_input(), state)\n",
    "        outputs.append(vocab[y])\n",
    "    for _ in range(num_preds): # 预测num_preds步\n",
    "        y, state = net(get_input(), state)\n",
    "        outputs.append(int(y.argmax(dim=1).reshape(1)))\n",
    "    return ''.join([vocab.idx_to_token[i] for i in outputs])\n",
    "predict_ch8('time traveller ', 10, net, vocab, d2l.try_gpu())"
   ],
   "id": "f38dbe2b11e02bc2",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "'time traveller qxyumumumu'"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 112,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 112
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.987574570Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.936566018Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def grad_clipping(net, theta): #@save\n",
    "    \"\"\"裁剪梯度\"\"\"\n",
    "    if isinstance(net, nn.Module):\n",
    "        params = [p for p in net.parameters() if p.requires_grad]\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        params = net.params\n",
    "    norm = torch.sqrt(sum(torch.sum((p.grad ** 2)) for p in params))\n",
    "    if norm > theta:\n",
    "        for param in params:\n",
    "            param.grad[:] *= theta / norm"
   ],
   "id": "6c19717736ffbc68",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 113
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.038078698Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:40.989835785Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "import math\n",
    "def train_epoch_ch8(net, train_iter, loss, updater, device, use_random_iter):\n",
    "    \"\"\"训练网络一个迭代周期（定义见第8章）\"\"\"\n",
    "    state, timer = None, d2l.Timer()\n",
    "    metric = d2l.Accumulator(2) # 训练损失之和,词元数量\n",
    "    for X, Y in train_iter:\n",
    "        if state is None or use_random_iter:\n",
    "            # 在第一次迭代或使用随机抽样时初始化state\n",
    "            state = net.begin_state(batch_size=X.shape[0], device=device)\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            if isinstance(net, nn.Module) and not isinstance(state, tuple):\n",
    "                # state对于nn.GRU是个张量\n",
    "                state.detach_()\n",
    "            else:\n",
    "                # state对于nn.LSTM或对于我们从零开始实现的模型是个张量\n",
    "                for s in state:\n",
    "                    s.detach_()\n",
    "        y = Y.T.reshape(-1)\n",
    "        X, y = X.to(device), y.to(device)\n",
    "        y_hat, state = net(X, state)\n",
    "        l = loss(y_hat, y.long()).mean()\n",
    "        if isinstance(updater, torch.optim.Optimizer):\n",
    "            updater.zero_grad()\n",
    "            l.backward()\n",
    "            grad_clipping(net, 1)\n",
    "            updater.step()\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            l.backward()\n",
    "            grad_clipping(net, 1)\n",
    "            # 因为已经调用了mean函数\n",
    "            updater(batch_size=1)\n",
    "        metric.add(l * y.numel(), y.numel())\n",
    "    return math.exp(metric[0]/metric[1]),metric[1]/timer.stop()\n"
   ],
   "id": "37ef611dedcb714b",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 114
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.089234437Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.040415821Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def train_ch8(net, train_iter, vocab, lr, num_epochs, device,\n",
    "use_random_iter=False):\n",
    "    \"\"\"训练模型（定义见第8章）\"\"\"\n",
    "    loss = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()\n",
    "    animator = d2l.Animator(xlabel='epoch', ylabel='perplexity',\n",
    "                            legend=['train'], xlim=[10, num_epochs])\n",
    "    # 初始化\n",
    "    if isinstance(net, nn.Module):\n",
    "        updater = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr)\n",
    "    else:\n",
    "        updater = lambda batch_size: d2l.sgd(net.params, lr, batch_size)\n",
    "    predict = lambda prefix: predict_ch8(prefix, 50, net, vocab, device)\n",
    "    # 训练和预测\n",
    "    for epoch in range(num_epochs):\n",
    "        ppl, speed = train_epoch_ch8(\n",
    "                            net, train_iter, loss, updater, device, use_random_iter)\n",
    "        if (epoch + 1) % 10 == 0:\n",
    "            print(predict('time traveller'))\n",
    "            animator.add(epoch + 1, [ppl])\n",
    "    print(f'困惑度 {ppl:.1f}, {speed:.1f} 词元/秒 {str(device)}')\n",
    "    print(predict('time traveller'))\n",
    "    print(predict('traveller'))"
   ],
   "id": "c96b60b55664378a",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 115
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.147914921Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.099546332Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "num_epochs, lr = 500, 1\n",
    "#train_ch8(net, train_iter, vocab, lr, num_epochs, d2l.try_gpu())"
   ],
   "id": "ab4a2fbf4dfd21ef",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 116
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.196189157Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.149680280Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "batch_size, num_steps = 32, 35\n",
    "train_iter, vocab = load_data_time_machine(batch_size, num_steps)"
   ],
   "id": "74d672745751714",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 117
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.583876478Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.197696611Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "num_hiddens = 256\n",
    "rnn_layer = nn.RNN(len(vocab), num_hiddens)\n",
    "state = torch.zeros((1,batch_size,num_hiddens))\n",
    "X = torch.rand(size=(num_steps, batch_size, len(vocab)))\n",
    "Y, state_new = rnn_layer(X, state)\n",
    "Y.shape, state_new.shape"
   ],
   "id": "9694c029c9e657e8",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(torch.Size([35, 32, 256]), torch.Size([1, 32, 256]))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 118,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 118
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.638041580Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.586864085Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "class RNNModel(nn.Module):\n",
    "    \"\"\"循环神经网络模型\"\"\"\n",
    "    def __init__(self, rnn_layer, vocab_size, **kwargs):\n",
    "        super(RNNModel, self).__init__(**kwargs)\n",
    "        self.rnn = rnn_layer\n",
    "        self.vocab_size = vocab_size\n",
    "        self.num_hiddens = self.rnn.hidden_size\n",
    "        # 如果RNN是双向的（之后将介绍），num_directions应该是2，否则应该是1\n",
    "        if not self.rnn.bidirectional:\n",
    "            self.num_directions = 1\n",
    "            self.linear = nn.Linear(self.num_hiddens, self.vocab_size)\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "            self.num_directions = 2\n",
    "            self.linear = nn.Linear(self.num_hiddens * 2, self.vocab_size)\n",
    "    def forward(self, inputs, state):\n",
    "        X = F.one_hot(inputs.T.long(), self.vocab_size)\n",
    "        X = X.to(torch.float32)\n",
    "        Y, state = self.rnn(X, state)\n",
    "        # 全连接层首先将Y的形状改为(时间步数*批量大小,隐藏单元数)\n",
    "        # 它的输出形状是(时间步数*批量大小,词表大小)。\n",
    "        output = self.linear(Y.reshape((-1, Y.shape[-1])))\n",
    "        return output, state\n",
    "    def begin_state(self, device, batch_size=1):\n",
    "        if not isinstance(self.rnn, nn.LSTM):\n",
    "        # nn.GRU以张量作为隐状态\n",
    "            return torch.zeros((self.num_directions * self.rnn.num_layers,\n",
    "                                batch_size, self.num_hiddens),\n",
    "                                    device=device)\n",
    "        else:\n",
    "        # nn.LSTM以元组作为隐状态\n",
    "            return (torch.zeros((\n",
    "                        self.num_directions * self.rnn.num_layers,\n",
    "                            batch_size, self.num_hiddens), device=device),\n",
    "                    torch.zeros((\n",
    "                        self.num_directions * self.rnn.num_layers,\n",
    "                            batch_size, self.num_hiddens), device=device))"
   ],
   "id": "858873034be01538",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 119
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.686881805Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.640393942Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "device = d2l.try_gpu()\n",
    "net = RNNModel(rnn_layer, vocab_size=len(vocab))\n",
    "net = net.to(device)\n",
    "#predict_ch8('time traveller', 10, net, vocab, device)"
   ],
   "id": "d59c1599998c8fd4",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 120
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.737181902Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.688775143Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "vocab_size, num_hiddens, device = len(vocab), 256, d2l.try_gpu()\n",
    "num_inputs = vocab_size\n",
    "gru_layer = nn.GRU(num_inputs, num_hiddens)\n",
    "model = RNNModel(gru_layer, len(vocab))\n",
    "model = model.to(device)\n",
    "#train_ch8(model, train_iter, vocab, lr, num_epochs, device)"
   ],
   "id": "adda23bc3664ec6b",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 121
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.786646674Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.738416914Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "num_inputs = vocab_size\n",
    "lstm_layer = nn.LSTM(num_inputs, num_hiddens)\n",
    "model = RNNModel(lstm_layer, len(vocab))\n",
    "model = model.to(device)\n",
    "#train_ch8(model, train_iter, vocab, lr, num_epochs, device)"
   ],
   "id": "b4e30d643d6f755d",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 122
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.841175343Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.788640688Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "d2l.DATA_HUB['fra-eng'] = (d2l.DATA_URL + 'fra-eng.zip',\n",
    "                            '94646ad1522d915e7b0f9296181140edcf86a4f5')"
   ],
   "id": "50554e839be36011",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 123
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.893584442Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.843443764Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "import os\n",
    "def read_data_nmt():\n",
    "    \"\"\"载入“英语－法语”数据集\"\"\"\n",
    "    data_dir = d2l.download_extract('fra-eng')\n",
    "    with open(os.path.join(data_dir, 'fra.txt'), 'r',\n",
    "                        encoding='utf-8') as f:\n",
    "        return f.read()"
   ],
   "id": "9cd4287ed84db220",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 124
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.981913006Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.895418207Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "raw_text = read_data_nmt()\n",
    "print(raw_text[:75])"
   ],
   "id": "7c4452b3b6a32f91",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "Go.\tVa !\n",
      "Hi.\tSalut !\n",
      "Run!\tCours !\n",
      "Run!\tCourez !\n",
      "Who?\tQui ?\n",
      "Wow!\tÇa alors !\n",
      "\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 125
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:43.184417099Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:41.984779926Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def preprocess_nmt(text):\n",
    "    def no_space(char,prev_char):\n",
    "        return char in set(',.!?') and prev_char != ' '\n",
    "    text = text.replace('\\u202f',' ').replace('\\xa0',' ').lower()\n",
    "    out = [' ' + char if i >0 and no_space(char,text[i-1]) else char for i,char in enumerate(text)]\n",
    "    return ''.join(out)\n",
    "text = preprocess_nmt(raw_text)\n",
    "print(text[:80])"
   ],
   "id": "1c729da265572287",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "go .\tva !\n",
      "hi .\tsalut !\n",
      "run !\tcours !\n",
      "run !\tcourez !\n",
      "who ?\tqui ?\n",
      "wow !\tça alors !\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 126
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:43.281720452Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:43.232801710Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def tokenize_nmt(text,num_examples=None):\n",
    "    source,target = [],[]\n",
    "    for i,line in enumerate(text.split('\\n')):\n",
    "        if num_examples and i > num_examples:\n",
    "            break\n",
    "        parts = line.split('\\t')\n",
    "        if len(parts) == 2:\n",
    "            source.append(parts[0].split(' '))\n",
    "            target.append(parts[1].split(' '))\n",
    "    return source,target\n",
    "\n"
   ],
   "id": "ca16ef22cbe2c02a",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 127
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:43.925371949Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:43.283929461Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "source, target = tokenize_nmt(text)\n",
    "source[:6], target[:6]"
   ],
   "id": "5ece5cb4b78168d0",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "([['go', '.'],\n",
       "  ['hi', '.'],\n",
       "  ['run', '!'],\n",
       "  ['run', '!'],\n",
       "  ['who', '?'],\n",
       "  ['wow', '!']],\n",
       " [['va', '!'],\n",
       "  ['salut', '!'],\n",
       "  ['cours', '!'],\n",
       "  ['courez', '!'],\n",
       "  ['qui', '?'],\n",
       "  ['ça', 'alors', '!']])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 128,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 128
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:44.088961043Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:43.974341311Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def show_list_len_pair_hist(legend,xlabel,ylabel,xlist,ylist):\n",
    "    d2l.set_figsize()\n",
    "    _,_,patches = d2l.plt.hist([[len(l) for l in xlist],[len(l) for l in ylist]])\n",
    "    d2l.plt.xlabel(xlabel)\n",
    "    d2l.plt.ylabel(ylabel)\n",
    "    for patch in patches[1].patches:\n",
    "        patch.set_hatch('/')\n",
    "    d2l.plt.legend(legend)\n",
    "\n",
    "show_list_len_pair_hist(['source','target'],'# tokens per sequence','count',source,target)"
   ],
   "id": "518249f852ec54c4",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 350x250 with 1 Axes>"
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     "output_type": "display_data",
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   ],
   "execution_count": 129
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:44.211764847Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:44.108134314Z"
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   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "src_vocab=Vocab(source,min_freq=2,reserved_tokens=['<pad>','<bos>','<eos>'])\n",
    "len(src_vocab)"
   ],
   "id": "c2dc82617d5a41a4",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "10012"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 130,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 130
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     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:44.214356393Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def truncate_pad(line,num_steps,padding_token):\n",
    "    if len(line) > num_steps:\n",
    "        return line[:num_steps]\n",
    "    return line + [padding_token] * (num_steps - len(line))\n",
    "truncate_pad(src_vocab[source[0]], 10, src_vocab['<pad>'])"
   ],
   "id": "93ae326a3258ecc",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "[47, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 131,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
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   "execution_count": 131
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     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:44.279624651Z"
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def build_array_nmt(lines, vocab, num_steps):\n",
    "    \"\"\"将机器翻译的文本序列转换成小批量\"\"\"\n",
    "    lines = [vocab[l] for l in lines]\n",
    "    lines = [l + [vocab['<eos>']] for l in lines]\n",
    "    array = torch.tensor([truncate_pad(\n",
    "                            l, num_steps, vocab['<pad>']) for l in lines])\n",
    "    valid_len = (array != vocab['<pad>']).type(torch.int32).sum(1)\n",
    "    return array, valid_len"
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   "id": "acd4344e678cf487",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 132
  },
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     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:44.328437032Z"
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   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def load_data_nmt(batch_size, num_steps, num_examples=600):\n",
    "    \"\"\"返回翻译数据集的迭代器和词表\"\"\"\n",
    "    text = preprocess_nmt(read_data_nmt())\n",
    "    source, target = tokenize_nmt(text, num_examples)\n",
    "    src_vocab = d2l.Vocab(source, min_freq=2,\n",
    "    reserved_tokens=['<pad>', '<bos>', '<eos>'])\n",
    "    tgt_vocab = d2l.Vocab(target, min_freq=2,\n",
    "    reserved_tokens=['<pad>', '<bos>', '<eos>'])\n",
    "    src_array, src_valid_len = build_array_nmt(source, src_vocab, num_steps)\n",
    "    tgt_array, tgt_valid_len = build_array_nmt(target, tgt_vocab, num_steps)\n",
    "    data_arrays = (src_array, src_valid_len, tgt_array, tgt_valid_len)\n",
    "    data_iter = d2l.load_array(data_arrays, batch_size)\n",
    "    return data_iter, src_vocab, tgt_vocab"
   ],
   "id": "62586b0175993a4f",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 133
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:45.610515926Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T09:05:44.378149052Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "train_iter, src_vocab, tgt_vocab = load_data_nmt(batch_size=2, num_steps=8)\n",
    "for X, X_valid_len, Y, Y_valid_len in train_iter:\n",
    "    print('X:', X.type(torch.int32))\n",
    "    print('X的有效长度:', X_valid_len)\n",
    "    print('Y:', Y.type(torch.int32))\n",
    "    print('Y的有效长度:', Y_valid_len)\n",
    "    break"
   ],
   "id": "87a2f147db41a91d",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "X: tensor([[81,  6,  2,  4,  5,  5,  5,  5],\n",
      "        [81, 11, 96,  2,  4,  5,  5,  5]], dtype=torch.int32)\n",
      "X的有效长度: tensor([4, 5])\n",
      "Y: tensor([[103,  79, 166,  55, 105,   6,   2,   4],\n",
      "        [100, 171,  75,   2,   4,   5,   5,   5]], dtype=torch.int32)\n",
      "Y的有效长度: tensor([8, 5])\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 134
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T12:26:28.968567662Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T12:26:28.880277260Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "class Encoder(nn.Module):\n",
    "    def __init__(self,**kargs):\n",
    "        super(Encoder,self).__init__(**kargs)\n",
    "    def forward(self,X,*args):\n",
    "        raise NotImplementedError(\"必须实现这个方法\")\n",
    "class Decoder(nn.Module):\n",
    "    \"\"\"编码器-解码器架构的基本解码器接口\"\"\"\n",
    "    def __init__(self, **kwargs):\n",
    "        super(Decoder, self).__init__(**kwargs)\n",
    "    def init_state(self, enc_outputs, *args):\n",
    "        raise NotImplementedError\n",
    "    def forward(self, X, state):\n",
    "        raise NotImplementedError\n",
    "class EncoderDecoder(nn.Module):\n",
    "    \"\"\"编码器-解码器架构的基类\"\"\"\n",
    "    def __init__(self, encoder, decoder, **kwargs):\n",
    "        super(EncoderDecoder, self).__init__(**kwargs)\n",
    "        self.encoder = encoder\n",
    "        self.decoder = decoder\n",
    "    def forward(self, enc_X, dec_X, *args):\n",
    "        enc_outputs = self.encoder(enc_X, *args)\n",
    "        dec_state = self.decoder.init_state(enc_outputs, *args)\n",
    "        return self.decoder(dec_X, dec_state)\n",
    "class Seq2SeqEncoder(Encoder):\n",
    "    def __init__(self,vocab_size,embed_size,num_hiddens,num_layers,dropout=0,**kwargs):\n",
    "        super(Seq2SeqEncoder, self).__init__(**kwargs)\n",
    "        self.embedding = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_size)\n",
    "        self.rnn = nn.GRU(embed_size,num_hiddens,num_layers,dropout=dropout)\n",
    "    def forward(self,X,*args):\n",
    "        X = self.embedding(X)\n",
    "        X = X.permute(1,0,2) #(batch,steps,embed_size) -> (steps,batch,embed_size)\n",
    "        output,state = self.rnn(X)\n",
    "        return output,state\n",
    "        # shape of output (steps,batch,num_hiddens)\n",
    "         # shape of state (num_layers,batch,num_hiddens)\n",
    "encoder = Seq2SeqEncoder(vocab_size=10, embed_size=8, num_hiddens=16,\n",
    "                        num_layers=2)\n",
    "X = torch.zeros((4,7),dtype=torch.long) #one-hot is integer\n",
    "output,state = encoder(X)\n",
    "output.shape\n"
   ],
   "id": "d0d01aef4857ee9c",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "torch.Size([7, 4, 16])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 139,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 139
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T12:26:43.259123495Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T12:26:43.204225780Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": "state.shape",
   "id": "bba15a040c10cb01",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "torch.Size([2, 4, 16])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 140,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 140
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T13:47:51.954052296Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T13:47:51.853781706Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "class Seq2SeqDecoder(Decoder):\n",
    "    def __init__(self,vocab_size,embed_size,num_hiddens,num_layers,dropout=0,**kwargs):\n",
    "        super(Seq2SeqDecoder, self).__init__(**kwargs)\n",
    "        self.embedding = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, embed_size)\n",
    "        self.rnn = nn.GRU(embed_size+num_hiddens,num_hiddens,num_layers,dropout=dropout)\n",
    "        self.dense = nn.Linear(num_hiddens,vocab_size)\n",
    "    def init_state(self,enc_outputs,*args):\n",
    "        return enc_outputs[1]\n",
    "    def forward(self,X,state):\n",
    "        X = self.embedding(X).permute(1,0,2)\n",
    "        context = state[-1].repeat(X.shape[0],1,1)\n",
    "        X_and_context = torch.cat((X,context),2)\n",
    "        output,state = self.rnn(X_and_context,state)\n",
    "        output = self.dense(output).permute(1,0,2)\n",
    "        return output,state"
   ],
   "id": "b659bfd2fdcabebe",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": 141
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T13:48:04.405972579Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T13:48:04.307991931Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "decoder = Seq2SeqDecoder(vocab_size=10, embed_size=8, num_hiddens=16,\n",
    "num_layers=2)\n",
    "decoder.eval()\n",
    "state = decoder.init_state(encoder(X))\n",
    "output, state = decoder(X, state)\n",
    "output.shape, state.shape"
   ],
   "id": "e9c451e560ce3769",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "(torch.Size([4, 7, 10]), torch.Size([2, 4, 16]))"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 142,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 142
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T13:56:58.324121647Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T13:56:58.160904863Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "def sequence_mask(X, valid_len, value=0):\n",
    "    \"\"\"在序列中屏蔽不相关的项\"\"\"\n",
    "    maxlen = X.size(1)\n",
    "    mask = torch.arange((maxlen), dtype=torch.float32,\n",
    "                        device=X.device)[None, :] < valid_len[:, None]\n",
    "    X[~mask] = value\n",
    "    return X\n",
    "X = torch.tensor([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])\n",
    "sequence_mask(X, torch.tensor([1, 2]))"
   ],
   "id": "9ee2db877c089d48",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[1, 0, 0],\n",
       "        [4, 5, 0]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 143,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 143
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T13:57:55.473311100Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T13:57:55.287150264Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "X = torch.ones(2, 3, 4)\n",
    "sequence_mask(X, torch.tensor([1, 2]), value=-1)"
   ],
   "id": "caca450bdfe7f650",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([[[ 1.,  1.,  1.,  1.],\n",
       "         [-1., -1., -1., -1.],\n",
       "         [-1., -1., -1., -1.]],\n",
       "\n",
       "        [[ 1.,  1.,  1.,  1.],\n",
       "         [ 1.,  1.,  1.,  1.],\n",
       "         [-1., -1., -1., -1.]]])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 144,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 144
  },
  {
   "metadata": {
    "ExecuteTime": {
     "end_time": "2026-03-29T14:08:10.919373362Z",
     "start_time": "2026-03-29T14:08:10.636085289Z"
    }
   },
   "cell_type": "code",
   "source": [
    "class MaskedSoftmaxCELoss(nn.CrossEntropyLoss):\n",
    "    \"\"\"带遮蔽的softmax交叉熵损失函数\"\"\"\n",
    "    # pred的形状：(batch_size,num_steps,vocab_size)\n",
    "    # label的形状：(batch_size,num_steps)\n",
    "    # valid_len的形状：(batch_size,)\n",
    "    def forward(self, pred, label, valid_len):\n",
    "        weights = torch.ones_like(label)\n",
    "        weights = sequence_mask(weights, valid_len)\n",
    "        self.reduction='none'\n",
    "        unweighted_loss = super(MaskedSoftmaxCELoss, self).forward(\n",
    "                pred.permute(0, 2, 1), label)\n",
    "        weighted_loss = (unweighted_loss * weights).mean(dim=1)\n",
    "        return weighted_loss\n",
    "loss = MaskedSoftmaxCELoss()\n",
    "loss(torch.ones(3, 4, 10), torch.ones((3, 4), dtype=torch.long),\n",
    "torch.tensor([4, 2, 0]))"
   ],
   "id": "46fc96f0246f32b7",
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "tensor([2.3026, 1.1513, 0.0000])"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 145,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "execution_count": 145
  },
  {
   "metadata": {},
   "cell_type": "code",
   "outputs": [],
   "execution_count": null,
   "source": "",
   "id": "69c315b5875fc288"
  }
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