2026-03-25 17:27:43 +00:00
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---
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title: "（教程）在已有Windows的情况下安装NixOS双系统"
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pubDate: 2025-08-01
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description: '一个萌新友好（应该）的NixOS双系统安装教程。'
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author: "三叶"
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image:
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url: "https://files.seeusercontent.com/2026/03/25/zhK7/pasted-image-1774459137516.webp"
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alt: "baka"
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tags: ["操作系统", "NixOS"]
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---
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2026-03-25 18:56:18 +00:00
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# 在已有Windows的情况下安装NixOS双系统
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2026-03-25 17:27:43 +00:00
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2026-03-25 17:43:41 +00:00
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在网上找了些现有的NixOS安装教程，但其中很多已过时/不可用。
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2026-03-25 17:27:43 +00:00
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所以便想着将之前参考的博客整合一下，制作一个萌新友好的NixOS双系统安装教程。
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## 1.开始前的准备
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在安装NixOS之前，我们需要对计算机上已有的Windows进行一些设置。
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### 关闭快速启动
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若不关闭 Windows 的快速启动，可能会导致 NixOS 掉网卡。
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打开控制面板，在
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```
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控制面板\硬件和声音\电源选项\系统设置
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```
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中，找到 **关机设置>快速启动(推荐)** 将其取消勾选
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### 腾出NixOS需要的磁盘空间
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可以使用DiskGenius、分区助手等软件操作硬盘剩余空间，如果需要日常使用，建议给NixOS分200GB以上的硬盘空间。
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### 制作引导媒介
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制作引导盘推荐使用[Rufus](https://rufus.ie/zh/)，非常简洁易用，当然[Ventoy](https://www.ventoy.net/cn/download.html)之类的其它软件都行。
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首先，我们从[NixOS官网](https://nixos.org/download/)下载官方镜像。
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这边推荐使用Minimal ISO image，图形界面在安装上会出现很多麻烦。
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根据你的CPU选择合适的类型。例如你是x86架构的CPU（Intel或者AMD）就选择上方的Intel/AMD。
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下载好后，插入U盘（至少2GB大小），打开Rufus。
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- 设备选择你刚插入的U盘
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- 引导类型选择你刚刚下好的iso文件
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- 分区类型选择GPT
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- 目标系统类型选择UEFI
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点击 **开始** 。并在弹窗中选择 **以 ISO 镜像 模式写入(推荐)** 。
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点击 **OK** 。
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稍等片刻，坐和放宽。
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等写入完成后，我们就可以进行下一步啦。
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## 2\. 调整启动项
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### 进入计算机BIOS
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重启电脑，并在电脑制造商标识在屏幕上亮起时长按 `F2` 以进入BIOS。
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当然每个厂商的BIOS键不同，具体BIOS界面也不同，具体是啥还得自己去查询一下。
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### 关闭Secure Boot
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下面贴一个从别的博客扒来的图。
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进入BIOS的高级设置（Advanced），当然不同的电脑对此的称呼不一样，找到 **Security>Secure Boot** 将其关闭。
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保存并重启计算机，一般来说点击保存后计算机会自动重启。
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在厂商LOGO处再次长按进入BIOS，此时如果你的引导U盘正常插入电脑，你应该可以看到一个对应的启动项 **UEFI: USB, Partition 1 (USB)** ，将其调整为优先级最高，即拖拽到最上面。
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因为我的电脑上已经装过一个NixOS了，所以请忽略最上面的NixOS-boot。如果你的电脑没安装过其他系统，应该只能看到 `Windows Boot Manager` 和下面的 `UEFI: USB` 。
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## 进入Live CD安装模式
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首先你会进入一个NixOS的引导界面，内容大致是让你选择要安装什么类型的nixos，我们选择默认的第一个就好，接着，你将看到如下CLI界面：
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同样，上图是我从别人那里搞过来的（因为我懒），我们要安装的是NixOS25.05，版本号和上面的上古老图不一样很正常。
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因为我们选择的是最小化安装，是没有让你点击的UI的，我们当前进入的界面就是大名鼎鼎的`tty`。
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注意：当前的系统是完全运行在U盘上的，我们接下来要做的就是将其安装至电脑的硬盘上。
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### 启用WiFi
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首先我们要做的是——联网。
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如果你有网线连接电脑可以跳过这一步。
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启动`wpa_supplicant`服务：
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```
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sudo systemctl start wpa_supplicant
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```
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进入交互模式：
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```
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sudo wpa_cli
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```
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在 命令行中依次输入：
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```
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> add_network
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0
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> set_network 0 ssid "你家 WIFI 的 名字"
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OK
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> set_network 0 psk "WIFI 密码"
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OK
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> set_network 0 key_mgmt WPA-PSK
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OK
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> enable_network 0
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OK
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```
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如果出现类似如下输出
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```
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<3>CTRL-EVENT-CONNECTED - Connection to 32:85:ab:ef:24:5c completed [id=0 id_str=]
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```
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并一直有收发包日志在终端输出就说明连接成功。
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此时可以直接在终端输入quit并回车退出。
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如果你不放心，可以ping一下这个博客
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```
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ping blog.cloverta.top
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```
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如果受到了大部分或全部的包说明连接正常。
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### 更换国内镜像源
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众所周知，由于不可抗力，NixOS的官方源我们不一定连的上。
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```
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sudo -i
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nix-channel --add https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/nix-channels/nixos-unstable nixos
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nix-channel --update # 更新并解包频道
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```
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添加电子科大源。
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## 分区
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还记得我们之前为NixOS分出的磁盘空间吗，现在我们要利用好它。
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在命令行中输入
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```
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lsblk
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```
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你大概能得到一个类似这样的输出：
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```
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NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
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sda 8:0 1 57.3G 0 disk
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└─sda1 8:1 1 57.3G 0 part /run/media/cloverta/NIXOS-MINIM
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nvme0n1 259:0 0 953.9G 0 disk
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├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 113.1G 0 part
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└─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 512G 0 part
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```
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其中`sda`对应的是你的U盘，`nvme0n1`对应的是你的计算机固态硬盘，`nvme0n1p1`、`nvme0n1p2`是你电脑上已有的磁盘分区。
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假设你电脑里装了好几个硬盘，那么还会有`nvme1n1`之类的。
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**一定要看准了你是在哪个硬盘上进行操作！！别一不小心把windows的C盘删了（**
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如果你分区是在`nvme0n1`上进行的（很明显上述信息中两个分区的大小远小于硬盘总大小），那么输入
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```
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cfdisk /dev/nvme0n1
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```
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我们就能看到一个类似如下的界面
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当然，你看到的肯定是英文的。
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你界面上的下方的选择框应该有如下选项
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```
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[ Delete ] [ New ] [ Quit ] [ Help ] [ Write ] [ Dump ]
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```
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先选中free的磁盘空间，选择New新建分区，手动输入大小。
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我们需要建立两个分区，一个主分区，另一个是boot分区。boot分区建议512MB的空间。
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两个分区类型都选择`Primary`，建立好分区之后，再次输入`lsblk`查看分区情况，应该能看到这两个分区
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```
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❯ lsblk
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NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
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sda 8:0 1 57.3G 0 disk
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└─sda1 8:1 1 57.3G 0 part /run/media/cloverta/NIXOS-MINIM
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nvme0n1 259:0 0 953.9G 0 disk
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├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 113.1G 0 part
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├─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 512G 0 part
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├─nvme0n1p3 259:3 0 0.5G 0 part
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└─nvme0n1p4 259:4 0 327.8G 0 part
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```
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接下来我们需要格式化这两个新增的分区，**注意看准了分区号！**
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例如上述新增的两个分区为`nvme0n1p3`和`nvme0n1p4`，但如果你新增的分区为`nvme0n1p5`，在后续操作中要更改对应的分区号，千万别输错了（
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那我们以上述分区号为例。
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我们可以看到`nvme0n1p3`是我们计划作为boot分区使用的，那我们现在格式化它为FAT32格式
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```
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mkfs.fat -F 32 -n boot /dev/nvme0n3
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```
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接着，我们将主分区格式化为btrfs格式
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```
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mkfs.btrfs -L nixos /dev/nvme0n1p4
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```
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之后将这两个分区挂载到NixOS的文件系统上
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```
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mount /dev/nvme0n1p4 /mnt
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mkdir -p /mnt/boot
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mount /dev/nvme0n1p3 /mnt/boot
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```
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接下来检查一下是否挂在成功
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|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
❯ lsblk
|
|
|
|
|
|
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
|
|
|
|
|
|
sda 8:0 1 57.3G 0 disk
|
|
|
|
|
|
└─sda1 8:1 1 57.3G 0 part /run/media/cloverta/NIXOS-MINIM
|
|
|
|
|
|
nvme0n1 259:0 0 953.9G 0 disk
|
|
|
|
|
|
├─nvme0n1p1 259:1 0 113.1G 0 part
|
|
|
|
|
|
├─nvme0n1p2 259:2 0 512G 0 part
|
|
|
|
|
|
├─nvme0n1p3 259:3 0 0.5G 0 part /boot
|
|
|
|
|
|
└─nvme0n1p4 259:4 0 327.8G 0 part /nix/store
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 编辑系统配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
想必你肯定听说过大名鼎鼎的Nix声明式的系统配置方式，那我这里就不多赘述。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
NixOS将所有的系统配置保存在一个名为`configuration.nix`的文件下，任何对系统的更改、管理和安装软件等等，你只需要修改这个`configuration.nix`就行，不需要手动去配置复杂的依赖和令人头疼的冲突，NixOS会帮你全都做好！
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
如果做不好你也可以随时把`configuration.nix`改回来，从根源上避免了滚挂（说你呢Arch
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
现在，我们生成一个系统默认配置文件：
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
nixos-generate-config --root /mnt
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
然后编辑配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
vim /mnt/etc/nixos/configuration.nix
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
你应该会看到一个类似这样的配置文件:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
{ config, lib, pkgs, ... }:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
|
imports =
|
|
|
|
|
|
[ # Include the results of the hardware scan.
|
|
|
|
|
|
./hardware-configuration.nix
|
|
|
|
|
|
];
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Use the systemd-boot EFI boot loader.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
networking.hostName = "nixos"; # Define your hostname.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Pick only one of the below networking options.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# networking.wireless.enable = true; # Enables wireless support via wpa_supplicant.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# networking.networkmanager.enable = true; # Easiest to use and most distros use this by default.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Set your time zone.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# time.timeZone = "";
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Configure network proxy if necessary
|
|
|
|
|
|
# networking.proxy.default = "http://user:password@proxy:port/";
|
|
|
|
|
|
# networking.proxy.noProxy = "127.0.0.1,localhost,internal.domain";
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Select internationalisation properties.
|
|
|
|
|
|
i18n = "en_US.UTF-8";
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Enable the X11 windowing system.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# services.xserver.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Configure keymap in X11
|
|
|
|
|
|
# services.xserver.xkb.layout = "us";
|
|
|
|
|
|
# services.xserver.xkb.options = "eurosign:e,caps:escape";
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Enable CUPS to print documents.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# services.printing.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Enable sound.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# services.pulseaudio.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# OR
|
|
|
|
|
|
# services.pipewire = {
|
|
|
|
|
|
# enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# pulse.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# };
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Enable touchpad support (enabled default in most desktopManager).
|
|
|
|
|
|
# services.libinput.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Define a user account. Don't forget to set a password with ‘passwd’.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# users.users.Alice = {
|
|
|
|
|
|
# isNormalUser = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# extraGroups = [ "wheel" ]; # Enable ‘sudo’ for the user.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# packages = with pkgs; [
|
|
|
|
|
|
# tree
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ];
|
|
|
|
|
|
# };
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# programs.firefox.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# List packages installed in system profile.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# You can use https://search.nixos.org/ to find more packages (and options).
|
|
|
|
|
|
environment.systemPackages = with pkgs;
|
|
|
|
|
|
[
|
|
|
|
|
|
vim # Do not forget to add an editor to edit configuration.nix! The Nano editor is also installed by default.
|
|
|
|
|
|
];
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Some programs need SUID wrappers, can be configured further or are
|
|
|
|
|
|
# started in user sessions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# programs.mtr.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# programs.gnupg.agent = {
|
|
|
|
|
|
# enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# enableSSHSupport = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# };
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# List services that you want to enable:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Enable the OpenSSH daemon.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# services.openssh.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Open ports in the firewall.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# networking.firewall.allowedTCPPorts = [ ... ];
|
|
|
|
|
|
# networking.firewall.allowedUDPPorts = [ ... ];
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Or disable the firewall altogether.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# networking.firewall.enable = false;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Copy the NixOS configuration file and link it from the resulting system
|
|
|
|
|
|
# (/run/current-system/configuration.nix). This is useful in case you
|
|
|
|
|
|
# accidentally delete configuration.nix.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# system.copySystemConfiguration = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# This option defines the first version of NixOS you have installed on this particular machine,
|
|
|
|
|
|
# and is used to maintain compatibility with application data (e.g. databases) created on older NixOS versions.
|
|
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Most users should NEVER change this value after the initial install, for any reason,
|
|
|
|
|
|
# even if you've upgraded your system to a new NixOS release.
|
|
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
|
|
# This value does NOT affect the Nixpkgs version your packages and OS are pulled from,
|
|
|
|
|
|
# so changing it will NOT upgrade your system - see https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-upgrading for how
|
|
|
|
|
|
# to actually do that.
|
|
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
|
|
# This value being lower than the current NixOS release does NOT mean your system is
|
|
|
|
|
|
# out of date, out of support, or vulnerable.
|
|
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Do NOT change this value unless you have manually inspected all the changes it would make to your configuration,
|
|
|
|
|
|
# and migrated your data accordingly.
|
|
|
|
|
|
#
|
|
|
|
|
|
# For more information, see `man configuration.nix` or https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/options#opt-system.stateVersion .
|
|
|
|
|
|
system.stateVersion = "25.05"; # Did you read the comment?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
这是最最最简的NixOS配置文件，现在我们来安装桌面环境：
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 基础配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 0.配置Grub以引导多系统开机
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
找到上述配置文件的
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Use the systemd-boot EFI boot loader.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# boot.loader.efi.canTouchEfiVariables = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
我们添加自己的grub配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Use the systemd-boot EFI boot loader.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
boot.loader = {
|
|
|
|
|
|
efi = {
|
|
|
|
|
|
canTouchEfiVariables = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
efiSysMountPoint = "/boot";
|
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
grub = {
|
|
|
|
|
|
enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
device = "nodev";
|
|
|
|
|
|
useOSProber = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
efiSupport = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 1.配置语言
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
找到上述配置文件中的
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Select internationalisation properties.
|
|
|
|
|
|
i18n.defaultLocale = "en_US.UTF-8";
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
如果不是`en_US.UTF-8`我们先将其设置为英文。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 2.配置网络
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
找到配置文件中的
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Pick only one of the below networking options.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# networking.wireless.enable = true; # Enables wireless support via wpa_supplicant.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# networking.networkmanager.enable = true; # Easiest to use and most distros use this by default.
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
这里我们使用networkmanager（更好用），就将下面那个解除注释
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Pick only one of the below networking options.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# networking.wireless.enable = true; # Enables wireless support via wpa_supplicant.
|
|
|
|
|
|
networking.networkmanager.enable = true; # Easiest to use and most distros use this by default.
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 3.配置时区
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
找到
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Set your time zone.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# time.timeZone = "";
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
将其改为
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Set your time zone.
|
|
|
|
|
|
time.timeZone = "Asia/Shanghai"
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 4.配置声音
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
找到
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Enable sound.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# services.pulseaudio.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# OR
|
|
|
|
|
|
# services.pipewire = {
|
|
|
|
|
|
# enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# pulse.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# };
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
我们使用pipwire
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Enable sound.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# services.pulseaudio.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# OR
|
|
|
|
|
|
services.pipewire = {
|
|
|
|
|
|
enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
pulse.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 5.配置用户
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Define a user account. Don't forget to set a password with ‘passwd’.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# users.users.alice = {
|
|
|
|
|
|
# isNormalUser = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# extraGroups = [ "wheel" ]; # Enable ‘sudo’ for the user.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# packages = with pkgs; [
|
|
|
|
|
|
# tree
|
|
|
|
|
|
# ];
|
|
|
|
|
|
# };
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
将上面这段解除注释，并配置好你的用户名
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
例如我想给我的用户起名为cloverta，那么
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Define a user account. Don't forget to set a password with ‘passwd’.
|
|
|
|
|
|
users.users.cloverta = {
|
|
|
|
|
|
isNormalUser = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
extraGroups = [ "wheel" ]; # Enable ‘sudo’ for the user.
|
|
|
|
|
|
packages = with pkgs; [
|
|
|
|
|
|
tree
|
|
|
|
|
|
];
|
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 6.启用firefox
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
programs.firefox.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
programs.firefox.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 7.启用SSH
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Enable the OpenSSH daemon.
|
|
|
|
|
|
# services.openssh.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
将下面那个解除注释
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Enable the OpenSSH daemon.
|
|
|
|
|
|
services.openssh.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 8.配置镜像源
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在上述配置文件中加入
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
nix.settings.substituters = [ "https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/nix-channels/store" ];
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
你还可以看看默认配置文件里有啥，可以根据你的喜好启用一些小功能，但是
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### 注意！！
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
千万不可以修改最后一行`system.stateVersion = "25.05";`的值，如果你一定要修改，准备好承担后果。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
接下来我们选择两大经典图形桌面：
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### GNOME
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
在配置文件中加入
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
services.displayManager.gdm.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
services.desktopManager.gnome.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
并在
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
environment.systemPackages = with pkgs;
|
|
|
|
|
|
[
|
|
|
|
|
|
vim
|
|
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
这个区块中加入
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
gnomeExtensions.blur-my-shell
|
|
|
|
|
|
gnomeExtensions.just-perfection
|
|
|
|
|
|
gnomeExtensions.arc-menu
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
这些是一些实用的GNOME插件。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### KDE Plasma
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
不要加入上述内容，在配置文件中加入
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
services.xserver.enable = true; # optional
|
|
|
|
|
|
services.displayManager.sddm.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
services.displayManager.sddm.wayland.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
services.desktopManager.plasma6.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
并在`environment.systemPackages = with pkgs;[]`中加入
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
wget
|
|
|
|
|
|
kitty
|
|
|
|
|
|
kdePackages.kcalc
|
|
|
|
|
|
kdePackages.kcharselect
|
|
|
|
|
|
kdePackages.kcolorchooser
|
|
|
|
|
|
kdePackages.kolourpaint
|
|
|
|
|
|
kdePackages.ksystemlog
|
|
|
|
|
|
kdePackages.sddm-kcm
|
|
|
|
|
|
kdiff3
|
|
|
|
|
|
kdePackages.isoimagewriter
|
|
|
|
|
|
kdePackages.partitionmanager
|
|
|
|
|
|
hardinfo2
|
|
|
|
|
|
haruna
|
|
|
|
|
|
wayland-utils
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 部署系统
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
终于！我们完成了配置！好耶(ﾉ>ω<)ﾉ
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
现在安装系统：
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
sudo nixos-install --option substituters "https://mirror.sjtu.edu.cn/nix-channels/store"
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
之后，设置密码：
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
注意我的用户名是cloverta，你需要改成你自己在配置文件中设定的用户名。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
nixos-enter # 进入部署好的系统，类似 arch 的 chroot passwd root # 重置 root 密码 useradd -m -G wheel cloverta # 添加普通用户，并加入 wheel 组 passwd cloverta # 设置普通账户密码
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
nixos-enter # 进入部署好的系统，类似 arch 的 chroot
|
|
|
|
|
|
passwd root # 重置 root 密码
|
|
|
|
|
|
useradd -m -G wheel cloverta # 添加普通用户，并加入 wheel 组
|
|
|
|
|
|
passwd cloverta # 设置普通账户密码
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
然后关机，不出意外的话还是需要你去 BIOS 调整一下启动项，推荐把 NixOS 的启动项拉到最前面，因为在 GRUB 的界面你能选择引导至 NixOS 还是 Windows。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
现在！见证奇迹！屏幕亮起！ｷﾀ━━━━(ﾟ∀ﾟ)━━━━!!
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 一些后续配置
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
现在你有了桌面环境，那么修改配置文件的复制粘贴便方便了很多。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
那么剩下的我便不再赘述。修改完`configuration.nix`后使用
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
sudo nixos-rebuild switch
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
即可应用最新更改
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 中文输入法
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
我们安装fcitx5，找到我们之前修改过的`i18n`变量，将其改为
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
i18n = {
|
|
|
|
|
|
defaultLocale = "zh_CN.UTF-8";
|
|
|
|
|
|
supportedLocales = [ "zh_CN.UTF-8/UTF-8" "en_US.UTF-8/UTF-8" ];
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Fcitx5
|
|
|
|
|
|
inputMethod = {
|
|
|
|
|
|
type = "fcitx5";
|
|
|
|
|
|
enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
fcitx5 = {
|
|
|
|
|
|
waylandFrontend = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
plasma6Support = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
fcitx5.addons = with pkgs; [
|
|
|
|
|
|
fcitx5-chinese-addons
|
|
|
|
|
|
fcitx5-pinyin-moegirl
|
|
|
|
|
|
fcitx5-pinyin-zhwiki
|
|
|
|
|
|
fcitx5-configtool
|
|
|
|
|
|
fcitx5-fluent
|
|
|
|
|
|
];
|
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 字体
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
fonts = {
|
|
|
|
|
|
packages = with pkgs; [
|
|
|
|
|
|
noto-fonts
|
|
|
|
|
|
noto-fonts-cjk-sans
|
|
|
|
|
|
noto-fonts-emoji
|
|
|
|
|
|
liberation_ttf
|
|
|
|
|
|
fira-code
|
|
|
|
|
|
fira-code-symbols
|
|
|
|
|
|
mplus-outline-fonts.githubRelease
|
|
|
|
|
|
dina-font
|
|
|
|
|
|
proggyfonts
|
|
|
|
|
|
wqy_microhei
|
|
|
|
|
|
wqy_zenhei
|
|
|
|
|
|
hack-font
|
|
|
|
|
|
nerd-font-patcher
|
|
|
|
|
|
jetbrains-mono
|
|
|
|
|
|
];
|
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 使用zsh并进行终端美化
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
# Install zsh
|
|
|
|
|
|
programs.zsh = {
|
|
|
|
|
|
enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
# enableCompletions = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
autosuggestions.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
syntaxHighlighting.enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
shellAliases = {
|
|
|
|
|
|
ll = "ls -l";
|
|
|
|
|
|
update = "sudo nixos-rebuild switch";
|
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
# history.size = 10000;
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ohMyZsh = { # "ohMyZsh" without Home Manager
|
|
|
|
|
|
enable = true;
|
|
|
|
|
|
plugins = [ "git" "dirhistory" "history" "autojump" "catimg" "colorize" "sudo" ];
|
|
|
|
|
|
custom = "$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom/";
|
|
|
|
|
|
theme = "powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k";
|
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
并在`sudo nixos-rebuild switch`后
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git "${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k"
|
|
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
如果提示omz找不到插件，去bing上搜索插件名称，找到他们的github仓库，根据README中的步骤安装就行。
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### 安装英伟达驱动
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
请参考wiki：[Nvidia - NixOS Wiki](https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Nvidia)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* * *
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
那么，博客就先到这里啦，我安装毕竟也是好几个星期之前了，如果博客内容有误，非常欢迎在下方留言，或者联系我：cloverta@petalmail.com
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* * *
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## 参考文献：
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[Installation - NixOS中文](https://nixos-cn.org/tutorials/installation)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[入门安装（nixos 从0实现全集 梦中情os ） - 小类随手记](https://dev.leiyanhui.com/nixos/1base-install)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[Archlinux+Windows 双系统安装教程（UEFI）2023.7 - NexusXian](https://www.cnblogs.com/NexusXian/p/17570030.html)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[KDE - NixOS Wiki](https://wiki.nixos.org/wiki/KDE)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[GNOME - NixOS Wiki](https://wiki.nixos.org/wiki/GNOME)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[Setup Zsh + Oh-my-zsh + PowerLevel10K - NixOS (without Home-manager) - NixOS Discourse](https://discourse.nixos.org/t/setup-zsh-oh-my-zsh-powerlevel10k-nixos-without-home-manager/58868)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[NixOS Manual](https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/#sec-changing-config)
|
